Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/12506
  Lightweight Transformer Model for Agricultural Land Use and Land Cover Classification

  Celik, Kemal

  Observing agricultural land use via remote sensing images is essential for ensuring food security, estimating yields and planning efficient exports nonetheless precise classification continues to be difficult because of the varied and evolving characteristics of agricultural environments. This research aims to evaluate and optimize advanced deep learning architectures particularly Vision Transformer (ViT) models for agricultural land-use classification tasks. Specifically, we employed ViT-Base-16 and other lightweight models DeiT-Tiny and EfficientNet-B0 applying techniques such as model layer compression and advanced data augmentation CutMix and Cutout to achieve high accuracy while significantly reducing computational complexity. Evaluation was performed using three benchmark remote sensing datasets EuroSAT, NWPU-RESISC45 and SIRI-WHU which include diverse spatial resolutions and agricultural classes relevant for practical monitoring. Findings indicate that the optimized ViT algorithm is highly effective in recognizing global spatial connections, consistently achieving remarkable classification accuracy exceeding 99% on a newly assembled dataset containing around 200 samples of Google Earth imagery. Furthermore, for the first time in agricultural image classification compressing the ViT-Base model by pruning 50% of its layers significantly reduced complexity maintaining competitive accuracy 97.9% on SIRI-WHU. The resulting models are particularly suitable for deployment on devices with limited computational resources supporting real-world operational agricultural monitoring systems. This study emphasizes the revolutionary possibilities and practical use of optimized transformer-based models that offer scalable and efficient solutions specifically designed for precision agriculture applications.

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• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/16834
  Current Status of Forage Crops Cultivation and Strategies for the Future in Turkey: A Review

  Tan, Mustafa; Yolcu, Halil

  Forage crops cultivation area in Turkey is 2.312 million ha in 2020. The rate of forage cultivation in the total agricultural area is 6.1%, and its rate in the field land is 12.3%. Lucerne, silage corn, oat, vetch, and sainfoin are main forage crops in Turkey. The amount of produced is 16.8 million tons of hay and 48.8 thousand tons of seeds. The forage crop cultivation areas have increased by 206% since the beginning of the 2000s due to the government subsidies. However, shortage of quality roughage is still a big problem for animal husbandry of the country. For this reason, new strategies should be developed to increase forage cultivation areas by considering global warming, drought, and climate change. In order to meet the need for roughage, it is necessary to expand the cultivation area of forage crops as winter catch crops and second crops. In addition, some of the fallow fields should be utilized by growing drought-resistant forage species. The fields abandoned due to different problems should be used for the cultivation of suitable forage crops.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/16737
  Spatial Data Model for Rural Planning and Land Management in Turkey

  Inan, Halil Ibrahim

  In Turkey, in the areas of rural planning and land management, problems regarding data retrieval, data quality, implementation scenario and legal base (law or regulation) have long been experienced. In this study, in order to contribute to resolving such problems, a conceptual/semantic data model was designed which focuses on the definition of required data, determination of their basic qualities and also their relations. As the preparation step for the model development, interviews, and discussions with authorized people were carried out. In addition, for the definitions of the data in the model, the Land Parcel Identification System and Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) are considered. For the model design, an object-oriented modelling method with the Unified Modelling Language (UML) notation was used. In the model, planning activities were focused on. It is envisaged that the model will guide work for the preparation of a technical regulation which may enable a standardized implementation throughout Turkey. It has also the potential to be an example for the implementation of laws related to spatial data both in Turkey and also worldwide.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2015/r/gumushane/16233
  Nutritive Value of Sunflower Silages Ensiled with Corn or Alfalfa at Different Rate

  Tan, Mustafa; Yolcu, Halil; Dumlu Gul, Zeynep

  Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) having shorter growing season, better cold tolerant and more drought resistant is important alternative silage plant in highlands. But it has poor silage quality. To improve the quality of sunflower silage can be mixed an appropriate amount of corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). This research was carried out to evaluate quality characteristics of nine silage types: Sunflower, corn and alfalfa silages; plus their some mixtures silages (75% sunflower + 25% corn, 50% sunflower + 50% corn, 25% sunflower + 75% corn, 75% sunflower + 25% alfalfa, 50% sunflower + 50% alfalfa and 25% sunflower + 75% alfalfa); at two harvest stages: Beginning of flowering for sunflower and alfalfa and milk-dough stage for corn (early stage), and end of flowering stage for sunflower and alfalfa, and dough stage for corn (late stage). The experimental design was in a factorial arrangement of randomized complete block with replicated four times. Dry matter content (DM), crude protein content (CP), neutral detergent fiber content (NDF), acid detergent fiber content (ADF), silage pH and physical characteristics (PC) of silages were determined in this study. Mixing of alfalfa in NDF, ADF and CP and corn in DM, pH and PC had positively effect in sunflower silages. Late stage had positively affected DM, PC and pH for silage. Consequently, sunflower silages mixed with corn, with the condition of not being less than 50% at late stage, are recommended for farmers.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2015/r/gumushane/15458
  Nutritive value of sunflower silages ensiled with corn or alfalfa at different rate; [Farkli oranlarda yonca veya misir ile kariştirilan ayçiçeği silajinin besin değeri]

  Tan, Mustafa; Yolcu, Halil; Dumlu Gul, Zeynep

  Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) having shorter growing season, better cold tolerant and more drought resistant is important alternative silage plant in highlands. But it has poor silage quality. To improve the quality of sunflower silage can be mixed an appropriate amount of corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). This research was carried out to evaluate quality characteristics of nine silage types: Sunflower, corn and alfalfa silages; plus their some mixtures silages (75% sunflower + 25% corn, 50% sunflower + 50% corn, 25% sunflower + 75% corn, 75% sunflower + 25% alfalfa, 50% sunflower + 50% alfalfa and 25% sunflower + 75% alfalfa); at two harvest stages: Beginning of flowering for sunflower and alfalfa and milk-dough stage for corn (early stage), and end of flowering stage for sunflower and alfalfa, and dough stage for corn (late stage). The experimental design was in a factorial arrangement of randomized complete block with replicated four times. Dry matter content (DM), crude protein content (CP), neutral detergent fiber content (NDF), acid detergent fiber content (ADF), silage pH and physical characteristics (PC) of silages were determined in this study. Mixing of alfalfa in NDF, ADF and CP and corn in DM, pH and PC had positively effect in sunflower silages. Late stage had positively affected DM, PC and pH for silage. Consequently, sunflower silages mixed with corn, with the condition of not being less than 50% at late stage, are recommended for farmers.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2014/r/gumushane/16741
  The Population Vigors of Diallel F4 Offsprings of Six Bread Wheat Genotypes for Grain Yield under Irrigated and Rain-Fed Conditions

  Yildirim, Mustafa; Çakmak, Mustafa

  Grain yield estimate from early segregating populations is an interesting feature of today's wheat breeding programs, and F-1 populations are generally recommended as the most suitable population by researchers. In the present study, we evaluated the population vigor of diallel F-4 offsprings of six bread wheat genotypes (Sultan, Bezostaya, Suzen, Harmankaya, Altay and Gerek) under irrigated (IR) and rain-fed conditions (RF). The experiment as two sets under IR and RF were established in the field of Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute, Eskisehir. The mean of grain yield (5468 kg ha(-1)) of F-4 populations in RF and IR had been lower than the mean of genotypes (5654 kg ha(-1)). The mean of grain yield of genotypes (7062 kg ha(-1)) under IR was higher than F-4 populations (6703 kg ha(-1)), while genotypes and F-4 populations were nearly similar under RF (4246 kg ha(-1) and 4234 kg ha(-1), respectively). The mid-variety population vigor for grain yield varied from -6.70% (Hrm/Grk) to 8.77% (Bez/Grk) under RF, and from -22.58% (Sltn/Alty) to 10.87% (Bez/Suzen) under IR. There was not positive significance population vigor in F(4)s. According to results under RF and IR, F-4 populations are observed as the most suitable populations for realistically estimation of grain yield performance of populations.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2014/r/gumushane/12061
  The population vigors of diallel F4 offsprings of six bread wheat genotypes for grain yield under irrigated and rain-fed conditions; [Altı ekmeklik buğday genotipinin diallel F4 melez döllerinde sulu ve yağmura dayalı koşullar altında populasyon güçleri]

  Yildirim, Mustafa; Çakmak, Mustafa

  Grain yield estimate from early segregating populations is an interesting feature of today’s wheat breeding programs, and F1 populations are generally recommended as the most suitable population by researchers. In the present study, we evaluated the population vigor of diallel F4 offsprings of six bread wheat genotypes (Sultan, Bezostaya, Süzen, Harmankaya, Altay and Gerek) under irrigated (IR) and rain-fed conditions (RF). The experiment as two sets under IR and RF were established in the field of Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute, Eskişehir. The mean of grain yield (5468 kg ha-1) of F4 populations in RF and IR had been lower than the mean of genotypes (5654 kg ha-1). The mean of grain yield of genotypes (7062 kg ha-1) under IR was higher than F4 populations (6703 kg ha-1), while genotypes and F4 populations were nearly similar under RF (4246 kg ha-1 and 4234 kg ha-1, respectively). The mid-variety population vigor for grain yield varied from-6.70% (Hrm/Grk) to 8.77% (Bez/Grk) under RF, and from-22.58% (Sltn/Alty) to 10.87% (Bez/Süzen) under IR. There was not positive significance population vigor in F4s. According to results under RF and IR, F4 populations are observed as the most suitable populations for realistically estimation of grain yield performance of populations.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2009/r/gumushane/19312
  Membrane thermal stability at different developmental stages of spring wheat Genotypes and Their diallel cross populations

  Bahar, Bilge; Koç, Müjde; Barutçular, Celalettin; Yildirim, Mehmet

  Yüksek sıcaklığa toleransta hücre zarlarının kararlılığı önemli bir fizyolojik seleksiyon kriteri olabilir. Yüksek sıcaklık membran kararlılığı, yüksek sıcaklığa maruz bırakılan yaprak dokusunun içerisinde bulunduğu sulu ortamdaki elektriksel iletkenliğin ölçümüyle belirlenmektedir. Bu araştırma, tarla koşullarında yetiştirilen 4 yazlık buğday anacı ve bunların altı F₂ diallel melez döllerinde, iki farklı yöntemle (MTS, yüksek sıcaklık membran kararlılığı ve RI, zarar indeksi) hesaplanan membran kararlılığının farklı gelisme dönemlerindeki değişimlerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçümler, yaprak büyümesi (erken vejetatif dönem), sapa kalkma ve erken süt olum evrelerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. MTS ve RI ölçümleri üç farklı büyüme evresinde benzer eğilim göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, büyüme evreleri genotiplerin MTS ve RI değerlerini önemli düzeyde etkilemiştir. Genotiplerin membran kararlılığı parametreleri büyüme evresi ilerledikçe azalmıştır. Tüm ölçümlerde özel uyum yeteneğinin genel uyum yeteneğine üstünlük sağlaması, memran kararlılığı özelliklerinin yönetiminde eklemeli olmayan gen etkilerinin etkin olduğunu göstermektedir. Erken süt olum evresinde bayrak yaprak membran kararlılığı, tane verimiyle önemli düzeyde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Anaçlardan Genç 99 ve 84ÇZT04 düşük verim, Chil’s ve Seri 82 yüksek verim potansiyeli göstermişlerdir. F₂ döllerinde tane verimi, başak verimi ve tane ağırlığı anaçlardan yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, membran kararlılığı ölçümleri yönünden genotiplerdeki mevcut çeşitliliğin sıcak stresli çevrelerde buğday ıslahında kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2009/r/gumushane/15811
  Membrane thermal stability at different developmental stages of spring wheat genotypes and their diallel cross populations; [Yazlık buǧday genotipleri ve diallel melez populasyonlarının farklı gelisme dönemlerinde yüksek sıcaklık membran kararlılıǧı]

  Yildirim, Mehmet; Bahar, Bilge; Koç, Müjde; Barutçular, Celalettin

  Membrane thermal stability (MTS) can be a significant selection criterion for heat stress tolerance. MTS is determined by measuring of electirical conductivity of aquause phase in which leaf tissue exposure to high temperature. This research was conducted to investigate the membrane stability assay measured by two different methods, namely MTS and relative injury (RI). The second objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of different growth stages of four spring wheat parents and their six half F2 diallel cross progenies grown in the field on membrane stability. Measurements were taken at different growth stages (seedling, stem elongation and early milk). The MTS and RI assays gave similar results at the three different growth stages. However, growth stages significantly affected the MTS and RI values of genotypes. Membrane stability parameters of genotypes decreased during the later developmental stages. Specific combining ability effects were superior to general combining ability effect for all measurements, indicating that membrane thermal stability was mediated mainly by non-additive gene actions. Membrane stability of flag leaf at the early milk stage was significantly correlated with grain yield. The parent of Genç 99 and 84ÇZT04 had low yield potential, whereas Chil's and Seri 82 had high yield potential. Grain yield, spike yield and kernel weight of F2 population were found higher than their parents. These results suggest that genetic variation among genotypes for membrane stability can be utilized in wheat breeding in heat-stressed environments.

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