Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

• 3
• 1
• 1
• 1
• 1

• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/gumushane/11960
  Innovative polygon trend analyses with star graph for rainfall and temperature data in agricultural regions of Turkey

  Acar, Emine; Kankal, Murat; Akçay, Fatma; Şan, Murat

  Agriculture is affected by climate change, such as extreme increases or decreases rainfall and temperature patterns. It is possible to research that effect by using trend analysis methodologies. This paper investigates trends of monthly total rainfall and mean temperature data of nine selected stations from agricultural regions of Turkey between 1969 and 2020. To the end, the classical Mann–Kendall, Innovative Trend Significance Test (ITST), and Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA) with Star Graph methods providing the opportunity to examine seasonal behavior were used for trend analysis. The analysis reveals that about 96% of all monthly rainfall in the Mann-Kendall test has no trend. However, nearly all stations tend to decrease (increase) in November (September) in both innovative approaches. For temperature, it is seen that increasing trend or no trend dominated in general. There were increasing trends in the innovative approaches throughout the year except for April. Temperatures have increased significantly throughout the year in all regions over the last decades. With the help of IPTA, it was also concluded that the seasonal internal variability of rainfall over the entire time and in the last 30 years is quite complex and persists in all agricultural regions. The results show that irregular changes in rainfall and rising temperatures in all stations negatively affected crop yield and/or required more irrigation. In addition, according to the results obtained by comparing trend methods, innovative approaches are very insistent on determining of trend and provide additional information through a visual review of trend behaviors.

  • 
  • 
  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/14602
  Geochemistry and Pb isotopic proof for sources of heavy metal(loid)s in Late Cretaceous sandstones from Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey)

  Saydam Eker, Çiğdem

  Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks are widely exposed around Trabzon, Giresun and Gümüşhane in the eastern Pontides. The sedimentary rocks are mainly composed of sandstones and marls, and the thicknesses of these rocks range from 170 to 400 m. This paper focused on Late Cretaceous sandstones of Trabzon, Giresun and Gümüşhane regions to identify the concentrations, sources, deposition environment and conditions of certain heavy metal(loid)s (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, As, Co, Mo and V). Enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Pollution index (Pi), Pollution load index (Pln), Pb isotope and multivariate statistical analysis were performed to elucidate the pollution levels and sources. In general, the evaluation indices exhibited that the sandstones were moderately polluted by As in the Trabzon area, and strongly polluted by Ni and As, moderately polluted by Co and V in the Giresun and Gümüşhane areas. The results of multivariate statistical analyses indicated that As and partly Pb might be originated from anthropogenic sources, whereas other metals were derived from geogenic origin. Lead isotopic analysis demonstrated two characterized signatures of the pollution sources in the sandstones, one related to geogenic origin and the other to coal, gasoline and pesticides. The sandstones were deposited in transition—marine environment under oxic—weak oxic conditions and paleoclimatic conditions ranged from arid to moist during Late Cretaceous period.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2021/r/gumushane/13267
  Assessment of the concentration and environmental impacts of potential hazardous elements in coalfields in Northeastern Turkey

  Saydam Eker, Ç.; Sipahi, F.; Akpınar, I.

  To investigate the impact of potential hazardous element (PHE) contamination on environmental and human health, the coaly shale, coal and shale coal outcrops of four sites, namely Ozyurt, Tarhanas, Kayadibi (Gümüşhane), and Manas (Bayburt), were selected as sampling areas for this study. The samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and a Rock–Eval 6 analyzer with a total organic carbon module. The enrichment factor (EF), potential ecological risk index (RI), and potential health risk index (HI) assessment models were used to evaluate the environmental and health risks in the vicinity of the coals. Results indicated that the mean concentrations of PHEs extensively changed and even exceeded the upper continental crust and world average values of low-rank coal concentrations. The assessment of the EF, RI and HI models revealed that the contamination levels of As, Hg, and Cd were higher than those of Pb, Co, Ni, V, and Mo. The evaluation of the EF revealed that the largest and lowest contamination levels of As, Hg, and Cd were observed in Ozyurt (29) and Kayadibi (1.8), Manas (9.6) and Kayadibi (1), and Kayadibi (5.6) and Tarhanas (1.9), respectively. A high-potential ecological risk was present in Ozyurt and Manas, whereas a considerable risk exists in Kayadibi and Tarhanas. The potential health risk values of As for children in Ozyurt, Tarhanas, and Manas and adults in Ozyurt were excessively high. This finding suggested the possibility of transferring the contamination from the coal, shale coal, and coaly shale outcrops

  • 
  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/14845
  Comparison of sandstone and mudstone with different methods for assessing toxic element contamination in the Early–Middle Jurassic sediments of Gümüşhane (NE Turkey)

  Saydam Eker, Çiğdem; Arı, Uğur Volkan

  To investigate the vertical changes of toxic elements in Jurassic sediments, sampling was performed in four sites. Samples were collected from sandstones and mudstones/marls and analyzed for some toxic elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Ni and V). Results exhibited that the sediment grain size played a significant role in controlling the concentrations of the toxic elements in the sediments. The mean toxic element contents of mudstones/marls were higher than those of sandstones (except Cu). The contamination level of toxic elements was detected by enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (Eir), pollution index (Pi) and united pollution index (PIn). The low EF, Igeo, Eir, Pi and PIn for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, V in the sandstones and Cu, Zn, Ni in the mudstones/marls exhibited an absence of clear these elements pollution. The high EF, Eir, Pi and PIn for As (9.7, 73, 7 and 29, respectively, as mean values) in the sandstones and for As (49.3, 222, 22 and 75, respectively, as mean values) Pb (8.8, 24, 5 and 19, respectively, as mean values), V (8.3, 15, 7 and 39, respectively, as mean values) in the mudstones/marls indicated significant contamination. Additionally, according to the potential ecological risk (RI) values, the sandstones had low potential ecological risk for the toxic elements (RI < 150) and the mudstones/marls had moderate potential ecological risk (150 ≤ RI ≤ 300). The potential ecological risk As, Pb, V (especially As) were higher in urban areas than in agricultural activities. Therefore, the source of As, Pb, V could be gasoline combustion, burning coal and vehicle exhausts. The contents of these elements generally increased from bottom to top of the measured stratigraphic sections, which indicated transported by atmospheric conditions.

  • 
  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/12891
  Medium scale earthflow susceptibility modelling by remote sensing and geographical information systems based multivariate statistics approach: an example from Northeastern Turkey

  Dağ, Serhat; Akgün, Aykut; Kaya, Ayberk; Alemdağ, Selçuk; Bostancı, Hasan Tahsin

  The aim of the present study was to produce an earthflow susceptibility map for the city center and environs of the province of Rize located at the Northeastern part of Turkey. The study area is the rainiest region of Turkey, and due to the triggering effect of precipitation earthflows are frequently observed in and around the study area. Besides this point, weathered rock units and steep topography accompany with precipitation for the occurrence of earthflow cases. Considering this point, an earthflow susceptibility mapping was inferred to be a necessity for the area. Parameters, such as lithology, slope gradient, slope aspect, topographical wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), slope curvature, and sediment capacity index (LS) were considered to be earthflow conditioning parameters. A multi-temporal earthflow inventory map for a period of 4 years (2011–2015) was initially generated by way of remote sensing approach and field surveys. Earthflow susceptibility map was produced using the logistic regression method after which the produced susceptibility map was validated. The mapped earthflows were separated into two groups prior to modelling and validation. The first group was for training and the second group was for validation steps. The accuracy of the model was measured by fitting them to a validation set of mapped earthflows. Area under curvature (AUC) approach was applied for validation purposes. The prediction capability of the earthflow susceptibility map produced can be regarded as acceptable in accordance with the AUC values of 0.62 for the logistic regression model. Based on these results, the obtained earthflow susceptibility map can be used to mitigate hazards related to landslides and to aid in land-use planning for the Rize city center.

  • 
  • 
  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2019/r/gumushane/12949
  The in situ natural radionuclide (238U,232Th and40K) concentrations in Gümüşhane granitoids: implications for radiological hazard levels of Gümüşhane city, northeast Turkey

  Maden, Nafiz; Akaryalı, Enver; Çelik, Necati

  We have carried out 48 in situ measurements on radioactivities of 238U, 232Th and 40K isotopes at the Gümüşhane granitoid plutons employing gamma-ray spectrometer with a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The radionuclide activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th ranged from 62.6 to 1680.8 Bq kg−1, 2.5 to 119.9 Bq kg−1 and 3.3 to 92.4 Bq kg−1, respectively. The mean concentration of natural radionuclides (40K, 238U and 232Th) was found to be 638.5 ± 421.6 Bq kg−1, 40.8 ± 27.4 Bq kg−1 and 33.5 ± 25.5 Bq kg−1, respectively. The mean values of the radium equivalent and the external hazard index were 137.9 ± 80.6 Bq kg−1 and 0.37 ± 0.22, respectively. The value of annual effective dose equivalent value (81.8 μSv year−1) is lower on average than in the world average of 460 μSv year−1. The external hazard index acquired in this study did not exceed the international safety standard levels, which means that Gümüşhane pluton does not produce any radiation hazards to the dwellers.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2017/r/gumushane/15017
  Evaluation of potentially toxic element contents and Pb isotopic compositions in Ankara Stream sediments within an urban catchment in central Turkey

  Eker, Çiğdem Saydam; Sipahi, Ferkan; Özkan, Özay; Gümüş, Mustafa Kemal

  This study aimed to interpret the spatial distribution, enrichment factor (EF), and geo-accumulation of potentially toxic elements in the bed sediments (ASBS) and Pleistocene-aged overbank sediments (ASOS) of the Ankara Stream in Turkey. The potential toxic pollution of the investigated potentially toxic elements was defined by evaluating the EF, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and Pb anthropogenic contribution. The distributions of As, Ni, and Co in the analyzed sediments were uniform in the ASBS and ASOS along the length of the stream. The EF and Igeo values indicated that ASBS and ASOS were significantly polluted by As and Ni and moderately polluted by Co, Zn, and Cu. ASBS was locally strongly polluted by Pb and Cd. Pb anthropogenic contribution was estimated at an average of > 100% in the ASBS and ASOS. The potentially toxic element levels and distribution patterns revealed that industrial activities, gasoline combustion, vehicular emission, phosphate fertilizers and natural sources were probable causes of metal pollution in Ankara Stream sediments. These potentially toxic elements were transported by atmospheric conditions and stream water. The potentially toxic elements in Ankara Stream increased with each passing day and were important in evaluating the potential toxicity risks to living organisms. Thus, suitable measures should be taken to ensure appropriate treatment of wastewater before toxic residues are disposed into the nearby stream. Chimney filter, treatment plants, and appropriate technology should be used in the organized industrial zone to prevent atmospheric pollution.

  • 
  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2012/r/gumushane/13206
  Remote sensing and GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using frequency ratio and analytical hierarchy methods in Rize province (NE Turkey)

  Reis, S.; Yalcin, A.; Atasoy, M.; Nisanci, R.; Bayrak, T.; Erduran, M.; Sancar, C.; Ekercin, S.

  The northeast part of Turkey is prone to landslides because of the climatic conditions, as well as geologic and geomorphologic characteristics of the region. Especially, frequent landslides in the Rize province often result in significant damage to people and property. Therefore, in order to mitigate the damage from landslides and help the planners in selecting suitable locations for implementing development projects, especially in large areas, it is necessary to scientifically assess susceptible areas. In this study, the frequency ratio method and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used to produce susceptibility maps. Especially, AHP gives best results because of allowing better structuring of various components, including both objective and subjective aspects and comparing them by a logical and thorough method, which involves a matrix-based pairwise comparison of the contribution of different factors for landslide. For this purpose, lithology, slope angle, slope aspect, land cover, distance to stream, drainage density, and distance to road were considered as landslide causal factors for the study area. The processing of multi-geodata sets was carried out in a raster GIS environment. Lithology was derived from the geological database and additional field studies; slope angle, slope aspect, distance to stream, distance to road and drainage density were invented from digital elevation models; land cover was produced from remote sensing imagery. In the end of study, the results of the analysis were verified using actual landslide location data. The validation results showed satisfactory agreement between the susceptibility map and the existing data on landslide locations.

  İncele
• BildiriYalnız künye2011/r/gumushane/15472
  Environmental problems from the open dump in Gümüşhane Province and investigation of biological recycling for the organic solid wastes

  Nas, S. Serkan; Bayram, Adem

  This paper presents a general overview of current municipal waste management in Gümüşhane Province. Both the drawbacks of present disposal method are discussed and solution proposals are submitted. The solid waste samples, one sample in every week and total fifty two samples in a year, were taken from the municipal solid waste open dumping area during a year, 2004 March-2005 February. Compostable organic parts of the samples, separated from the mixed municipal solid waste, were analyzed in order to determine the suitability of composting for the disposal of municipal solid wastes in Gümüshane. The moisture content, C/N ratio and pH for all samples were determined and evaluated. The values with high moisture content being 78% (74% in spring, 83% in summer, and 78% in autumn and 77% in winter), relatively low C/N ratio being 21.6/1 (22.2/1 in spring, 16.2/1 in summer, 23.7/1 in autumn and 27.5/1 in winter), and low pH being 4.73 (5.50 in spring, 4.25 in summer, 4.45 in autumn and 4.72 in winter) disclose that composting of the organic wastes aren't suitable.

  İncele