Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2023/r/gumushane/12683
  Tor topography in Giresun mountains, Türkiye

  Uzun, Ali; Aylar, Faruk; Zeybek, Halil İbrahim; Alemdağ, Selçuk

  Tors are mound-like rock landforms, resistant to erosion, that may sometimes reach the size of several storeys of house by volume. They may develop in different climate regions and different rock types, led by granitic rocks. In this study, tors developed in granitic rocks around Yaylalı village linked to Kürtün county in Gümüşhane were investigated. The study area is located in the eastern part of the Giresun mountain range in northeastern Turkey, 2000–2300 m above sea level. The aim of the study is to determine the natural environmental characteristics in tor formation and to reveal the effect of bedrock on tor formation. During field studies, 18 tors were selected by noting location, size and structural features, and dimensions were measured. Thin sections were first made from the rock samples taken from the tors and then the mineralogical composition was investigated by modal analysis method. As a result of this analysis, it was determined that the bedrock forming the tors is granite. During the field observations, it was determined that the intersecting vertical joints supported the formation of castle-like tors, while the horizontal joints supported the formation of pita pile-shaped tors. There are also pseudokarstic shapes resembling kamenitza and karst pavement. In conclusion, joint sets causing local resistance differences directed the formation of tors, while excess slope affected surface erosion and suitability of climate conditions-controlled weathering rate.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2023/r/gumushane/11953
  Natural Walls of Anatolia: formation and development of Diş Kayalıkları as a structural landform (Sivas, Türkiye)

  Uzun, Ali; Aylar, Faruk; Zeybek, Halil İbrahim; Gürgöze, Serkan; Bahadir, Muhammet; Alemdağ, Selçuk

  The Diş Kayalıkları is one of the largest and most striking examples of crests in the world and is located between Eskidere and Boğazören villages of the İmranlı district of the Sivas province in Türkiye. The crests, which resemble castle walls when viewed from afar, have a real wall pattern due to the right-angled crack system of the bedrock when viewed closely. This study aims at investigating the geomorphological features of the Diş Kayalıkları and determining how the geological and geomorphological evolution of the Diş Kayalıkları took place and how the current formation mechanism continues. In the region, the mid-latitude continental climate prevails with cold humid winters and warm dry summers. The bedrock consists of Miocene bedded deposits of different resistance, folded by young tectonic movements. Diş Kayalıkları was formed by selective erosion of less resistant terrain around a pack of resistant rock on the steeper southern slope of an asymmetrical anticline. It has a length of 4750 m in the approximately northwest-southeast direction, a maximum height of 30 m, and a width varying between 5 and 8 m. In the present morphological appearance of the Diş Kayalıkları, it can be stated that the structure formed after the tectonic formation process was eroded under the control of the local climate and crest formation was realized. In the following process, the crest experienced a polycyclic process where different landforms were formed. There are smaller landforms such as karren, cave and rock window on Diş Kayalıkları, and macrofossil beds in some places. This highly attractive geomorphosite, unknown to wider public, should be investigated from various scientific aspects and should be brought to regional tourism by making the necessary infrastructure and promotion studies.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/13022
  Prediction of mine drainage generation potential and the prevention method of the groundwater pollution in the Gümüşköy (Kütahya) mineralization area, NW Turkey

  Alemdag, Selcuk; Akaryali, Enver; Gücer, Mehmet Ali

  One of the leading factors of seepage contamination is mine drainage, which creates serious ecological risks on the environment both during operation and post-mining times. In this study, experimental processes have been carried out to determine the occurrence of mine drainage in the Gümüşköy (Kütahya) mineralization area (Northwest Turkey). The prevention method for potential mine drainage occurrence has been also discussed. High enrichment was observed which are directly related to mineralization in trace element concentrations, especially in potentially toxic metals such as Ag, Cd, Mo, Ba, Bi, and Zn. Based on short-term tests, mine drainage formation has not been expected according to the pH (7.36–9.38), contact leaching, and acid-base accounting studies. However, in the long-term, acid generation potential has been expected because of weathering and oxidation in terms of rock type and mineralization in the area. Therefore, in order to prevent groundwater contamination in the event of a possible formation of mine drainage, the hydraulic conductivity of the stock area bedrock was evaluated by the in situ tests performed in the field and it was found to be moderately permeable (K= 1.9 × 10−6 m/s). In order to make the stock area bedrock impermeable, natural clay will be laid and compressed at the base of the stock area. When the finite elements were modeled by seepage analysis, the seepage discharge to be formed on the base rock at a depth of 5 m was determined as 3.17 × 10−19 m3/s. Since the discharge value determined in the seepage analysis after modeling is very close to zero, contamination of possible ground and surface water will be prevented.

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  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2019/r/gumushane/14978
  Stability evaluation of the Gümüşhane-Akçakale cave by numerical analysis method

  Alemdag, Selcuk; Zeybek, Halil Ibrahim; Kulekci, Gokhan

  The Akçakale Cave is located in the vicinity of the Arsa neighborhood within the boundaries of the Akçakale village, Gümüşhane, Turkey. The cave is rich in cave formations (stalactite, stalagmite, cave pearl, cave flower, wall travertines). Thus, the appropriateness of opening the cave to visitors to boost tourism is of importance for the local and national economy. This study analyzes the stability of the Akçakale Cave using a numerical analysis method. According to the results of the total displacement analysis, there are displacements in the entrance, ceiling, and sidewalls of the cave ranging from 1 mm to 48 mm. It seems that the entrance, ceiling, and sidewalls of the cave face a high risk of local or sudden collapse. According to the deformation analysis of the length section of the cave examined, local collapses may occur especially in the first 75 m from the entrance of the cave. We believe that this situation would not carry a risk for the Arsa neighborhood for now. In conclusion, the results of the stability analysis and in-situ observations showed clear evidence of former and ongoing cave-ins (collapses) and the Akçakale Cave faces a high risk of local or sudden collapse. Thus, although the Akçakale Cave is one of the most prominent karst caves in Turkey, it seems to be not appropriate to open the cave to tourist visits.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2018/r/gumushane/15279
  Determining the degree of saturation of rocks as a function of time: A case study from mountainous area of Turkey

  Dağ, Serhat

  The aim of this study is to scrutinize whether, in terms of saturation, the 48 hour duration suggested by ISRM (International Society for Rock Mechanics) methods and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standard in rocks is sufficient or not, and to examine how the degree of saturation of rocks may be determined as a function of time. For this purpose, samples from five different rock groups including igneous (andesite, granite, andesitic tuff) and sedimentary (limestone, sandstone) exposed in Gümüşhane city which is from mountainous area of north-eastern Turkey, have been compiled. Measurements were taken on the samples left for saturation under laboratory conditions as a result of which the degree of saturation values at the end of these time periods were determined. Similarly, at the end of 48 hours, the samples were left to dry under atmospheric conditions in the laboratory environment and their time dependent degree of saturation were also calculated at different times. The changes as a function of time in the degree of saturation were then examined mathematically using non-linear, exponential and logarithmic functions. Graphs and equations related with the acquired time-degree of saturation values and the correlation coefficient (r) values for these equalities have indicated a high accordance between time and degree of saturation for the studied rock groups. The applied methodology will be beneficial for determining the degree of saturation based on time for engineering studies that will be carried out in similar lithologies.

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