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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/19948
  Participation of urea application stages on flour quality in bread wheat

  Barut, Hatun; Aykanat, Sait; Bahar, Bilge; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Köseoğlu, Berra

  Laboratory studies, which field trial was conducted in the 2020-2021 growing season at the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, were conducted at Gümüşhane University. In this study, the findings showed that urea was used as the top fertilizer in different growth stages of the 'Yakamoz' bread wheat cultivar used as material, and the effects of urea application periods and flour type, on the quality traits, such as dry matter, ash, protein, acidity, fresh and dry gluten, gluten index, sedimentation, and falling number were investigated. For this purpose, in addition to the control application, tillering, stem elongation, milky and dough stages were chosen as urea application periods. Laboratory studies were carried out in randomized plots using the split-plot design with three replications. In the present study, all quality traits showed statistically significant differences for urea application periods; these values were ranged as follows: Dry matter: 90.20-90.77%, ash: 1.037-1.213%, protein: 14.01-15.15%, acidity: 0.037-0.056%, wet gluten: 41.49-43.67%, dry gluten: 14.75%-15.46, gluten index: 69.28-80.38%, sedimentation: 20.0-21.0 mL, late sedimentation: 23.5-29.8 mL and falling number: 753.8-881.7 s. In addition, other quality parameters except dry matter, protein and sedimentation changed statistically for flour type. Accordingly, whole wheat flour for ash (1.443%), acidity (0.051%) and gluten index (82.53%); white flour showed high values for wet (44.90%) and dry (15.96%) gluten, late sedimentation (35.60 mL) and falling number (836.4 s). As a result, while applying urea as a top fertilizer, it is recommended to choose the stem elongation stage for high gluten index, delayed sedimentation and protein, and the dough maturity stage for high dry matter. It would be appropriate to represent more genotypes and different nitrogen sources in further studies to be more inclusive.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/20248
  Some Quality and Microbiological Traits of Tokat Tarhana Obtained from Different Wheat Cultivars Under Various Drying Conditions

  Bahar, Bilge; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Gençer, Sevil

  This study was carried out to evaluate the variations in some quality traits of Tokat red pepper tarhana samples according to the cultivars and drying techniques. For this aim, five white grained bread wheat cultivars such as Altınöz, Candaş, Gökkan, Şahika, and Yakamoz were used as material. And, tarhana samples were dried under open air, airflow oven and vacuum. The study was conducted with three replications according to the split plot design in random plots. All quality traits showed statistically significant variations for the bread wheat cultivars (C), drying techniques (DT), and DT×C interactions. Thus, airflow oven showed the highest values among the drying techniques for the contents of ash (8.5892%), total titration acidity (27.433%) and salt (6.842%). On the other hand, open air drying technique presented the highest values for moisture (14.556%), pH (4.349) and the density of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (1.4×104 CFU g-1 for M17 agar, 2.4×104 CFU g-1 for MRS agar. Also, Gökkan cv had the highest percents for all quality traits except LAB density. These findings showed that the most suitable bread wheat cultivar for Tokat red pepper tarhana was Gökkan cv, and the most favorable drying technique was open air drying. In addition, it is understood from the results that wheat cultivar and drying technique which used in tarhana production were essential factors. So, tarhana sector should choose the best wheat cultivar and drying technique to be used in tarhana production for consumer taste and healthy diet. From this study, it is understood that the open air drying is the most sustainable technique in terms of both production and consumption.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/gumushane/14793
  Evaluation of grain quality properties and mineralcontents (Nutritional values) of triticale (X triticosecale wittmack) cultivars under rainfed agricultural conditions in the eastern black sea region of Turkey

  Sirat, Abdulveli; Bahar, Bilge; Bahar, Necmiye

  Triticale is an important alternative crop and is largely grown on marginal lands in Turkey to overcome the shortage of rising animal feed problem. Sometimes Triticale is also used as human food. This study was conducted for two years between 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 to determine some grain quality characteristics of nine different Triticale (Tatlicak-97, for cvs. Presto, Karma-2000, Melez-2001, Mihkam-2002, Ege Yildizi, Alperbey, Umranhanım, and Tacettinbey) cultivars under dry farming conditions at Siran-Gumushane (Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey). The experiment was conducted with three replications based on the randomized complete block design. According to two-years average, thousand-grain weight of cultivars changed from 38.85-45.12 g, also, hectoliter weight 74.68-77.21 kg hl-1, protein contents 10.56-12.09%, starch contents 64.74-68.19%, moisture contents 9.44-9.72%, ash contents 1.25-1.60%, oil contents 0.79-1.27%, ADF (acid detergent fiber) 3.22-4.39%, NDF (neutral detergent fiber) 15.14-16.88%, potassium (K) contents 0.432-0.527%, magnesium (Mg) contents 0.113-0.135%, and phosphorus (P) contents 0.360-0.387%. In terms of quality characteristics, the maximum thousand-grain weight was obtained from Tacettinbey and Ege Yildizi; the maximum grain yield weight from Tatlicak-97; the maximum hectoliter weight from Tatlicak-97, Ege Yildizi and Mihkam-2002 cultivars; Also, cv. Karma-2000 and Alperbey had the maximum protein contents, and Umranhanım and Mihkam-2002 cultivars had the maximum starch content. It is concluded that studies relating to Agronomic practices of these and other Triticale cultivars would help in improving the life style and the livestock sector of the region.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/17968
  Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Karasal İklim ve Kuru Tarım Koşullarında Tritikale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) Çeşitlerinin Tane Verimi ve Verim Unsurları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma

  Sirat, Abdulveli; Bahar, Bilge; Bahar, Necmiye

  Bu çalışma, Gümüşhane-Şiran ekolojik koşullarında kışlık olarak ekilen, dokuz tritikale (Tatlıcak-97, Presto, Karma-2000, Melez-2001, Mikham-2002, Ege Yıldızı, Alperbey, Ümranhanım ve Tacettinbey) çeşidinin tane verimi ve verim unsurlarını belirlemek amacıyla 2013-2014 ve 2014-2015 yetiştirme sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. İki yıllık ortalamalara göre çeşitlerin başaklanma süresi 146.67-151.67 gün, bitki boyu 109.00-115.89 cm, metrekarede başak sayısı 328.58-413.09 adet, başak uzunluğu 9.40-12.33 cm, başakta başakçık sayısı 22.27-24.43 adet, başakta tane sayısı 42.28-59.32 adet, başakta tane ağırlığı 1.98-2.66 g, hasat indeksi %34.33-37.67 ve tane verimi 418.92-546.30 kg da-1 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek tane verimi, başakta tane sayısı ve başakta tane ağırlığı Alperbey çeşidinden elde edilmiş olup bu çeşidi tane verimi bakımından istatistiksel olarak aynı grupta yer alan Mikham-2002, Ege Yıldızı, Karma-2000 ve Presto çeşitleri izlemiştir. Tane verimi ile başaklanma süresi (r=0.487**), bitki boyu (r=0.503**), metrekarede başak sayısı (r=0.701**) ve hasat indeksi (r=0.375**) arasında istatistiki olarak önemli pozitif korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak Alperbey, Mikham-2002, Ege Yıldızı, Karma-2000 ve Presto çeşitlerinin tane verimi bakımından Gümüşhane-Şiran ekolojik koşullarına uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/17955
  Investigation of the changes in bran mineral content according to the years and growth conditions in bread wheat genotypes

  Bahar, Bilge

  Bran is not only the raw material of animal feed or functional products; it has also become a natural additive used inthe other industrial fields. For this reason, in this study, it has been aimed to reveal to what extent the minerals (K, P, S,Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Na) are affected by genotypes, growth seasons (years) and growth conditions and theirinteractions, rather than how much and what kind of minerals the wheat bran contains. For this purpose, in the study,in the growth seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, five bread wheat genotypes were carried out as three replicatedunder organic and conventional growth conditions according to the trial design of split plots in random blocks. At theend of the study, all minerals except Cu were affected by at least one of the variation sources; in other words, althoughit varies according to minerals, wheat bran minerals were significantly affected by wheat genotypes, growth yearsand growth conditions and their interactions. In addition, with this study, significant correlations were found betweensome minerals in organic and conventional conditions.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2020/r/gumushane/17934
  Determination of Grain Quality Traits and Nutritional Values of Some Six Rowed Barley Cultivars Under the Ecological Conditions of Gumushane

  Sirat, Abdulveli; Bahar, Bilge

  This research was carried out with 11 different six rowed barley cultivars (Erginel-90, Meriç, Kıral-97, Çetin-2000, Avcı-2002, Martı, Vamıkhoca-98, Akhisar-98, Lord, Epona and Olgun) during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 growth seasons to determine some grain quality traits such as moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, starch content, acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) and various mineral matter contents (K, Mg, P)under Gumushane conditions with randomized block design as three replicated. According to the average of two years, the moisture content of the cultivars were 9.21-9.88%, ash content was 2.00-2.31%, protein content was 12.73-15.65%, fat content was 1.36-2.01%, starch content was 52.61-58.60%, ADF and NDF values respectively 5.52-8.65%to 20.42-25.03%, ranged between. The highest starch ratio was obtained from Olgun cultivar (58.60%).Akhisar-98 cultivar had the highestprotein content (15.65%).

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• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/14968
  Plasticity in behavior of Turkish malting barley cultivars under semi-arid and continental climatic conditions

  Sirat, Abdulveli; Bahar, Bilge

  This study aimed to select stable cultivars in terms of desired agronomic or quality criteria from among 15 two rowed barley cultivars that may remain stable in varying year conditions during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Furthermore, relationships among these traits were investigated. Some agronomical and quality traits of barley were affected by years and cultivars. Yield, yield components and some quality parameters were affected by the cultivars. Also, days to ripening was affected by years, cultivars, and year x cultivar interaction. Crude protein content (CPC) was significantly positive correlated with ASH during both seasons. Starch ratio (SR) showed significantly negative correlations with ASH and CPC during both seasons. ADF and NDF had significant positive strong correlation with one another and ASH during both years while they showed significant negative correlations with SR. The results show that technological properties are not affected by the interaction of cultivar x year; therefore, these stable cultivars can be readily used in malt or feed technology if their technological features are considered. For example, cv. Unver contained low ratios of ash, CPC, oil, soluble fiber and high SR in the malt industry; cv. Hasat which includes the opposite technological properties of cv. Unver, was found be suitable for use in feed technology.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2016/r/gumushane/18799
  Organik Koşullarda Yetiştirilen Bazı Kışlık Ekmeklik Buğday Genotiplerinde, Bazı Agronomik, Fizyolojik ve Teknolojik Özellikler Arasındaki İlişkilerin Saptanması

  Bahar, Bilge; Bahar, Necmiye

  Bu çalışma, 2012-2013 yetiştirme mevsiminde 19 kışlık ekmeklik buğday genotipi ile organik koşullarda,tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüş olup; çalışmada, agronomik,fizyolojik ve teknolojik özellikler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. İncelenen özellikler arasındaki ilişkilerdeğerlendirildiğinde, tam çiçeklenme ve orta hamur olum dönemlerinde klorofil içeriklerinin protein oranı, yaşglüten oranı, enerji ve sedim değerleri arasındaki önemli olumlu ilişkileri, klorofil içeriklerine bağlı olarak kalitedeğerlerinin de arttığını göstermektedir. Yine tam çiçeklenme döneminde membran kararlılığının (MTS)protein oranı ve yaş gluten oranı arasındaki önemli olumlu ilişkiler, sıcağa dayanım kriteri olan MTS'nin kaliteüzerindeki olumlu etkisini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışmada ayrıca, protein oranı, yaş glüten oranı, enerji, danedeve unda sedim değerlerinin, dane verimi ve biyolojik verimle olan önemli olumsuz ilişkileri; kalite ve verimarasındaki tezatlığı bir kez daha doğrulamıştır. Ayrıca, başaklanma süresi ile protein oranı, yaş glüten oranı,alveografik enerji değeri ve dane sedim değerleri arasında önemli olumlu ilişkiler bulunmuştur.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2011/r/gumushane/15440
  Heat and drought resistance criteria in spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Morpho-physiological parameters for heat tolerance

  Bahar, Bilge; Yildirim, Mehmet; Yucel, Cemal

  This study was aimed at evaluating some morpho-physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance (gs), canopy temperature (CT), canopy temperature depression (CTD) and stay green duration (SGD) in terms of heat tolerance. For this purpose, trials designed according to randomized complete blocks were conducted with twenty-four spring bread wheat genotypes as three replicated in the Research and Application Area of Field Crops Department of Agricultural Faculty of Cukurova University in 2002 to 2003 and 2003 to 2004 growth seasons. The measurements of gs were made at two different dates at heading stage in 2003 to 2004 growth season. CT was measured at two growth stages (late milky and soft dough) in 2002 to 2003 (first) season and it was also measured at two different hours at the complete heading stage in 2003 to 2004 (second) season. CTD was measured at two different hours at the complete heading stage in the second season. The other morpho- physiological parameter was SGD, which was determined in the first growth season. As a result: (1) The high gs values were observed at both measuring dates even though there was no significant differences among the genotypes; (2) CT showed significant differences except T2 measurement in 2003 to 2004 season, yet significant negative correlations were found between CT and grain yield (GY) in 2003 to 2004 season and in general mean; (3) Despite not being significant differences among the genotypes, a strong positive correlation was found between CTD and GY; (4) In spite of the fact that genotypes did not show any statistical differences, it was found that SGD had a negative significant correlation with CT but positive non-significant correlation with GY. It is concluded from assessments of all physiological traits that such genotypes as Kauz/Altar 84//Ads, Varona Cno 79, Mon's'/Ald's'//Bow's' and WL6718 can be high yielding even if under heat stressed conditions, and can be used as gene pool in wheat breeding programs for tolerance to heat stress.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2010/r/gumushane/15773
  Responses of some wheat genotypes and their F2 progenies to salinity and heat stress

  Yildirim, Mehmet; Bahar, Bilge

  Both heat and salinity cause yield decrease in wheat. Grain yield in wheat has increased as a result of breeding efforts for different stress conditions. However, there are still substantial opportunities to improve grain yield by using conventional breeding under stress conditions, like heat and salt stress. The objective of this study was to investigate heat and salt effects on yield and some agronomic traits of four wheat genotypes and their six half F2 diallel cross progenies grown in pots. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for grain yield under both heat stress and non-stress condition. There was a mean reduction in yield of 12.6% due to salt stress. The reduction in biomass was higher than grain yield under salt stress while it was lower at heat stress. Grain yield was positively correlated with spike weight, harvest index, grain numbers per plant and biological yield under non stress (NS), heat stress (HS) and salt stress (SS) conditions. Cultivars Seri 82 and Chil's had high yield among parents under both NS and SS. Chil's and its hybrids showed low reduction in yield due to SS; thus, exhibiting salt tolerance. Also, Chil's was found to be good combiner with high General Combining Ability (GCA) effects for grain yield under SS conditions. 84 CZT04 was the most susceptible cultivar under SS. Significant GCA effects of Genç 99 and 84CZT04 provided positive contribution to grain yield under HS. It was impossible to select both heat and salt tolerant genotype with high yield capacity from the used genotypes. However, heat or salt tolerant genotypes can be improved by selection breeding due to genetic variation among genotypes.

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