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• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/10718
  Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report: Volume 1 Physics, Experiments, Detectors

  Benedikt, M.; Zimmermann, F.; Auchmann, B.; Bartmann, W.; Burnet, J. P.; Carli, C.; Chancé, A.; Craievich, P.; Giovannozzi, M.; Grojean, C.

  Volume 1 of the FCC Feasibility Report presents an overview of the physics case, experimental programme, and detector concepts for the Future Circular Collider (FCC). This volume outlines how FCC would address some of the most profound open questions in particle physics, from precision studies of the Higgs and EW bosons and of the top quark, to the exploration of physics beyond the Standard Model. The report reviews the experimental opportunities offered by the staged implementation of FCC, beginning with an electron-positron collider (FCC-ee), operating at several centre-of-mass energies, followed by a hadron collider (FCC-hh). Benchmark examples are given of the expected physics performance, in terms of precision and sensitivity to new phenomena, of each collider stage. Detector requirements and conceptual designs for FCC-ee experiments are discussed, as are the specific demands that the physics programme imposes on the accelerator in the domains of the calibration of the collision energy, and the interface region between the accelerator and the detector. The report also highlights advances in detector, software and computing technologies, as well as the theoretical tools/reconstruction techniques that will enable the precision measurements and discovery potential of the FCC experimental programme. The content and structure of this report are guided by the scope and priorities defined in the mandate of the FCC Feasibility Study. It is therefore not intended to serve as an exhaustive review of the full physics potential of FCC. Several topics, already covered in earlier reports such as the FCC CDR, are not reiterated here or are addressed only briefly, in alignment with the study's focus. This volume reflects the outcome of a global collaborative effort involving hundreds of scientists and institutions, aided by a dedicated community-building coordination, and provides a targeted assessment of the scientific opportunities and experimental foundations of the FCC programme.

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• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/10717
  Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report

  Benedikt, M.; Zimmermann, F.; Auchmann, B.; Bartmann, W.; Burnet, J. P.; Carli, C.; Chancé, A.; Craievich, P.; Giovannozzi, M.; Grojean, C.

  In response to the 2020 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) Feasibility Study was launched as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This report describes the FCC integrated programme, which consists of two stages: an electron-positron collider (FCC-ee) in the first phase, serving as a high-luminosity Higgs, top, and electroweak factory; followed by a proton-proton collider (FCC-hh) at the energy frontier in the second phase. The FCC-ee is designed to operate at four key centre-of-mass energies: the Z pole, the WW pair production threshold, the ZH production peak, and the top/anti-top production threshold-each delivering the highest possible luminosities to four experiments. Over 15 years of operation, FCC-ee will produce more than 6 trillion Z bosons, 200 million WW pairs, nearly 3 million Higgs bosons, and 2 million top anti-top pairs. Precise energy calibration at the Z pole and WW threshold will be achieved through frequent resonant depolarisation of pilot bunches. The sequence of operation modes between the Z, WW, and ZH substages remains flexible. The FCC-hh will operate at a centre-of-mass energy of approximately 85 TeV-nearly an order of magnitude higher than the LHC-and is designed to deliver 5 to 10 times the integrated luminosity of the upcoming High-Luminosity LHC. Its mass reach for direct discovery extends to several tens of TeV. In addition to proton-proton collisions, the FCC-hh is capable of supporting ion-ion, ion-proton, and lepton-hadron collision modes. This second volume of the Feasibility Study Report presents the complete design of the FCC-ee collider, its operation and staging strategy, the full-energy booster and injector complex, required accelerator technologies, safety concepts, and technical infrastructure. It also includes the design of the FCC-hh hadron collider, development of high-field magnets, hadron injector options, and key technical systems for FCC-hh.

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• DüzeltmeAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/10716
  Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report Volume 3 Civil Engineering, Implementation and Sustainability (vol 234, pg 5113, 2025)

  Benedikt, M.; Zimmermann, F.; Auchmann, B.; Bartmann, W.; Burnet, J. P.; Carli, C.; Chancé, A.; Craievich, P.; Giovannozzi, M.; Grojean, C.

  İncele
• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/10715
  Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report Volume 3 Civil Engineering, Implementation and Sustainability

  Benedikt, M.; Zimmermann, F.; Auchmann, B.; Bartmann, W.; Burnet, J. P.; Carli, C.; Chancé, A.; Craievich, P.; Giovannozzi, M.; Grojean, C.

  Volume 3 of the FCC Feasibility Report presents studies related to civil engineering, the development of a project implementation scenario, and environmental and sustainability aspects. The report details the iterative improvements made to the civil engineering concepts since 2018, taking into account subsurface conditions, accelerator and experiment requirements, and territorial considerations. It outlines a technically feasible and economically viable civil engineering configuration that serves as the baseline for detailed subsurface investigations, construction design, cost estimation, and project implementation planning. Additionally, the report highlights ongoing subsurface investigations in key areas to support the development of an improved 3D subsurface model of the region. The report describes the development of the project scenario based on the 'avoid-reduce-compensate' iterative optimisation approach. The reference scenario balances optimal physics performance with territorial compatibility, implementation risks, and costs. Environmental field investigations covering almost 600 hectares of terrain-including numerous urban, economic, social, and technical aspects-confirmed the project's technical feasibility and contributed to the preparation of essential input documents for the formal project authorisation phase. The summary also highlights the initiation of public dialogue as part of the authorisation process. The results of a comprehensive socio-economic impact assessment, which included significant environmental effects, are presented. Even under the most conservative and stringent conditions, a positive benefit-cost ratio for the FCC-ee is obtained. Finally, the report provides a summary of the studies conducted to document the current state of the environment.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19729
  Yüksek Enerjili Büyük Hadron Çarpıştırıcısı Bazlı Müon-Proton Çarpıştırıcılarında Uyarılmış Müon Üretimi

  Sahin, Mehmet; Caliskan, Abdullatif

  Bu çalışmada uyarılmış müonların Yüksek Enerjili Büyük Hadron Çarpıştırıcısı (YE-BHÇ) bazlı müon proton çarpıştırıcılarında temas etkileşim yöntemiyle üretilip ayar etkileşimleri ile foton kanalına bozunmasıyla oluşan uyarılmış müon sinyal süreci (µp → µ*j → µγj) incelenmiştir. Uyarılmış müonun sinyalini ardalandan ayırmak için keşif sınırlamaları uygulanarak sinyal-ardalan analizi yapılmıştır. Farklı kompozitlik skalası değerleri için yapılan hesaplamalar sonucunda uyarılmış müon kütlesine ait keşif (5σ), gözlem (3σ) ve dışarlama (2σ) limitleri belirlenmiştir. Kütle merkezi enerjileri 9 ve 12,7 TeV olan bu çarpıştırıcıların uyarılmış müon araştırmalarında iyi bir potansiyele sahip olacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19574
  Yüksek Işınlıklı Büyük Hadron Çarpıştırıcısı Bazlı Müon-Proton Çarpıştırıcılarında Uyarılmış Müon Üretimi

  Sahin, Mehmet; Caliskan, Abdullatif

  Bu çalışmada müon+foton son durumuna sahip spin-1/2 uyarılmış müonun Yüksek Işınlıklı Büyük Hadron Çarpıştırıcısı (YI-BHÇ) bazlı müon-proton çarpıştırıcısında üretimi incelenmiştir. Kütle merkezi enerjisi 9,16 TeV ve yıllık ışınlık değeri 15 fb-1 olan μp çarpıştırıcısında, uyarılmış müonların kontak etkileşim yöntemiyle üretilip ayar etkileşimi yöntemiyle fotonlu kanala bozunumu araştırılmıştır. Uyarılmış müon sinyalini ardalandan ayırmak için sinyal-ardalan analizi yapılmıştır. Bu analiz sonucunda belirlenen keşif sınırlamaları uygulanarak YI-BHÇ bazlı müon-proton çarpıştırıcısında uyarılmış müonun kütlesi için keşif, gözlem ve dışarlama limitleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre kompozitlik skalasının Λ = m_(μ^* ) değeri için uyarılmış müonlar 6570 GeV’e kadar bu çarpıştırıcıda keşfedilebilecektir.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/14126
  EXCITED ELECTRON PRODUCTION AT THE SPPC-BASED ep COLLIDERS VIA CONTACT INTERACTIONS

  Caliskan, A.

  If a linear electron accelerator is installed into the SPPC (Super Proton–Proton Collider) complex, ep collision options will be available in addition to pp collisions. We consider the production of excited electrons with spin-1/2 at the future SPPC-based electron–proton colliders with center-of-mass energies of 8.44, 11.66, 26.68, and 36.88 TeV. In the ep → e*X → eγX signal process, excited electrons are produced by contact interactions and decay into the photon channel by gauge interactions. Taking into account the corresponding background process, the pseudorapidity and transverse momentum distributions of the final-state particles are plotted. We reported on the discovery, observation, and exclusion mass limits of excited electrons by applying appropriate kinematical cuts best suited for amplifying the signal of the excited electron signature. We also investigated the highest achievable values of the compositeness scale for the discovery of excited electrons at these colliders.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/11935
  Excited muon production in muon colliders via contact interaction

  Sahin, M.; Caliskan, A.

  In recent years, with the enlightenment of some issues encountered in muon colliders, muon colliders have become more feasible for the high-energy physics community. For this reason, we studied the single production of an excited muon in muon colliders via contact interactions. In addition, we assumed that the excited muon decayed into a photon and muon through gauge interactions. Then, signal and background analyses were performed in muon-antimuon collider options with center-of-mass energies of 6, 14, and 100 TeV. The attainable mass and compositeness scale limits were calculated for the excited muon in these collider options. Based on the calculations, it was concluded that muon-antimuon colliders would be a perfect collider option for excited muon investigations.

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• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/10709
  The Large Hadron-Electron Collider at the HL-LHC

  Agostini, P.; Aksakal, H.; Alekhin, S.; Allport, P. P.; Andari, N.; Andre, K. D. J.; Angal-Kalinin, D.; Antusch, S.; Aperio Bella, L.; Apolinario, L.

  The Large Hadron-Electron Collider (LHeC) is designed to move the field of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting energy-recovery technology, it collides a novel, intense electron beam with a proton or ion beam from the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The accelerator and interaction region are designed for concurrent electron-proton and proton-proton operations. This report represents an update to the LHeC's conceptual design report (CDR), published in 2012. It comprises new results on the parton structure of the proton and heavier nuclei, QCD dynamics, and electroweak and top-quark physics. It is shown how the LHeC will open a new chapter of nuclear particle physics by extending the accessible kinematic range of lepton-nucleus scattering by several orders of magnitude. Due to its enhanced luminosity and large energy and the cleanliness of the final hadronic states, the LHeC has a strong Higgs physics programme and its own discovery potential for new physics. Building on the 2012 CDR, this report contains a detailed updated design for the energy-recovery electron linac (ERL), including a new lattice, magnet and superconducting radio-frequency technology, and further components. Challenges of energy recovery are described, and the lower-energy, high-current, three-turn ERL facility, PERLE at Orsay, is presented, which uses the LHeC characteristics serving as a development facility for the design and operation of the LHeC. An updated detector design is presented corresponding to the acceptance, resolution, and calibration goals that arise from the Higgs and parton-density-function physics programmes. This paper also presents novel results for the Future Circular Collider in electron-hadron (FCC-eh) mode, which utilises the same ERL technology to further extend the reach of DIS to even higher centre-of-mass energies.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2020/r/gumushane/14860
  Single production of composite electrons at future sppc-based lepton–hadron colliders

  Caliskan, A.

  We consider the production of excited electrons with spin-1/2 at future SPPC-based electron–proton colliders with center-of-mass energies of 8.4, 11.6, 26.6, and 36.8 TeV. These exotic particles are predicted in the composite models. We calculate the production cross sections and concentrate on the photon decay channel of the excited electrons with the process of ep → e*X → eγX. The pseudo rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of the electrons and photons in the final state have been plotted to determine the kinematical cutoffs best suited for discovery of the excited electrons. By applying these cutoffs we compute 2σ, 3σ, and 5σ contour plots of the statistical significance of the expected signal in the parameter space (L, m*), where L denotes the integrated luminosity of the collider and m* is the mass of the composite electrons.

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