Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

• 3

• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2/r/gumushane/12322
  Physiological responses and adaptive mechanisms of amphibians and reptiles to multiple interacting environmental stressors: an integrative review

  Kurnaz, Muammer

  This integrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the physiological responses and adaptive mechanisms of amphibians and reptiles to multiple interacting environmental stressors, with particular emphasis on synergistic effects among temperature, hydric stress, disease, and pollution. Given the stronger empirical basis for amphibians in the existing literature, amphibian responses are covered in greater depth, while reptile-specific physiology, immunology, and emerging infectious diseases are explicitly addressed in dedicated sections throughout the review. Critical thermal tolerance analyses reveal that approximately 7.5% of amphibian species will exceed their physiological limits under a 4 °C warming scenario, with tropical lowland species already operating near their CTmax thresholds. Thermal plasticity is limited, with acclimation responses averaging only 0.13 °C increase in CTmax per 1 °C environmental warming—insufficient to track rapid climate change. Water balance regulation shows dramatic interspecific variation, with cutaneous resistance ranging from 0.05 s/cm in aquatic amphibians to >1000 s/cm in desert-adapted reptiles. Synergistic interactions between thermal and hydric stress significantly amplify vulnerability, particularly in dehydration scenarios that reduce critical thermal limits. Chemical pollutants, including heavy metals and pesticides, cause developmental abnormalities (535% increase in malformation frequency), immunosuppression, and endocrine disruption across multiple life stages. Emerging infectious diseases, particularly chytridiomycosis (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans) and ranaviruses, drive mass mortality events globally, with co-infections exacerbating population declines. Climate change intensifies disease susceptibility through stress-mediated immunosuppression and altered pathogen dynamics. Adaptive capacity varies markedly among species. While amphibians exhibit strong phenological responses (2-4× greater than other taxa), genetic adaptation potential remains limited by narrow dispersal abilities and habitat fragmentation. Microhabitat buffering can reduce thermal extremes by several degrees but depends critically on habitat structural integrity. This review demonstrates that the pace of anthropogenic change challenges the adaptive capacity of most species, necessitating integrated conservation strategies including microhabitat preservation, climate corridor establishment, pollution mitigation, disease surveillance, and ex-situ conservation programs.

  AtıfWoS2·OpenAlex6

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/gumushane/10555
  Maximizing performance in child footballers: chronotype and time of day study

  Kaba, Ilknur; Engin Celikel, Baha; Adanur, Oguzhan; Yilmaz, Coskun; Yonca Sezer, Sureyya; Tan, Cetin; Durhan, Tebessum Ayyildiz; Özer, Ugur; Ceylan, Tulay

  Background A limited number of studies have investigated the effects of circadian rhythm-based running exercise interventions on physical fitness in child athletes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an eight-week morning and evening running program on lower extremity strength, agility and respiratory function in 10-12-year-old male footballers.Methods Participants visited the laboratory three times, with one-day intervals before and after the training program. The assessments included maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Additionally, agility and functional performance tests (FPTs) were conducted for both the dominant and non-dominant legs.Results The findings indicated that morning running was more effective than evening running in enhancing respiratory function. Morning running also showed superior results in lower extremity strength tests, particularly in the single-leg (SL) and triple-leg (THD) crossover hop for distance tests (CHDs) and the 6-m timed-hop test (6 m THT). Furthermore, the agility performance of the morning running group was significantly better than that of the evening and control groups.Conclusion Consequently, morning running interventions had a positive impact on key physical fitness parameters, including respiratory muscle strength, respiratory function, agility, and lower extremity strength in child footballers.

  • 
  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/gumushane/10620
  Inspiratory muscle training in natural bodybuilders: adaptations in diaphragm muscle thickness and maximal strength

  Güler, Iskender; Yilmaz, Coskun; Soylu, Hakan Hueseyin; Birinci, Muersit Ceyhun; Arslan, Ayla; Ocak, Hakan; Çayir, Huseyin; Kavuran, Korhan; Saç, Ajlan; Uçar, Mine Akkus

  Background: The effect of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm muscle thickness (DT) and one repetition maximal (1RM) in professional natural bodybuilders is still unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm muscle thickness and 1RM in professional natural bodybuilders. Methods: The study comprised a total of 22 athletes who participated in bodybuilding competitions. Each athlete had undergone a minimum of 5 years of training, with a minimum weekly commitment of 5 hours. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and control (CON). The CON continued their normal training regime, while the IMT group also performed inspiratory muscle training with a 10% weekly increase by setting the resistance setting of the PowerBreathe (R) Classic device to 40% of the participant's maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). Prior to and during the 4-week training period, 1RM bench press measurements and diaphragm muscle thickness measurements were obtained. Results: In the comparison of 1RM power values before and after training, it was determined that the IMT group (%: 11.20) had 6.3% more post-activation performance enhancement compared to the CON group (%: 4.9) (p < 0.001). In the study, it was determined that a higher level of significant post-activation performance enhancement was obtained in the IMT group compared to the CON group in the diaphragm muscle thickness inspiratory phase (DT ins) and ekspiratory phase (DT eks) parameters at 20.36% and 19.46%, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, we determined that the addition of progressive loading inspiratory muscle training to preparation programmes in natural bodybuilders will improve diaphragm muscle thickness, 1RM physical performance. In particular, it shows that the diaphragm muscle should be considered not only as a muscle that supports respiration, but also as a muscle that contributes to power generation by optimising intra-abdominal pressure.

  • 
  AtıfScopus5·WoS5·OpenAlex5

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/gumushane/14120
  Effects of inspiratory muscle training on 1RM performance and body composition in professional natural bodybuilders

  Çelikel, Baha Engin; Yılmaz, Coşkun; Demir, Alper; Sezer, Süreyya Yonca; Ceylan, Levent; Ceylan, Tülay; Tan, Çetin

  Background: The effect of inspiratory muscle training on upper limbs One Rep Maximum (1RM) in professional natural bodybuilders is still unclear. Our aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a 6 weeks inspiratory muscle training on 1RM results. Methods: This study included 14 athletes, that had participated in international bodybuilding competitions. Each athlete had been training for minimum of 5 years and at least 5 h per week. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and control (CON) groups. The IMT group and CON group consisted of seven subjects. While the control group continued with the normal training regime, the IMT group additionally performed inspiratory muscle training with the resistance setting of the PowerBreathe® Classic device set to 40% of the participant’s MIP. Prior to and during the 6-week training period, the bench press 1 RM, anthropometry, pulmonary function tests, and maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressure measurements were obtained. A nutrition protocol developed by a qualified dietician was implemented for each athlete. Results: The mean maximal strength of the respiratory muscle training group changed by 14.39%, whereas that of the control group changed by 9.43% (p = 0.012). The changes in the mean FVC (p = 0.000), FEV1 (p = 0.001), PEF (p = 0.064), MIP (p = 0.001), and maximal expiratory pressure (p = 0.017) were greater in the IMT group. The mean circumferences of the shoulder (p = 0.004), chest (p = 0.008), arm (p = 0.004), and neck (p = 0.003) improved more in the IMT group than in the CON group. A reduction in abdominal measurement was observed in the IMT group (p = 0.039), whereas no notable discrepancy was identified in body fat percentage (p = 0.295). Conclusion: In conclusion we identified that the addition of progressive loading inspiratory muscle training for competition preparation programs in professional natural bodybuilders will further improve their respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, maximal strength, and muscle development. This research provides valuable insights into how IMT influences bodybuilding training outcomes, potentially guiding future interventions and program designs to better support strength development and body composition in bodybuilding training contexts.

  • 
  AtıfScopus12·WoS13·OpenAlex14

  İncele