Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/16426
  Financial Inclusion, Energy Intensity, and Natural Resources: Environmental Insights From BRICS and MINT Economies

  Pala, Fahrettin; Barut, Abdulkadir; Torusdag, Mustafa; Pilatin, Abdulmuttalip; Henni, Mohamed Djafar

  In developing economies, rapid economic growth intensifies environmental pressures, thereby increasing the importance of financial inclusion, energy intensity, and natural resource dependence for environmental sustainability. This situation necessitates a holistic examination of the determinants of environmental degradation in emerging markets, which motivates this study. In this context, the study examines the effects of financial inclusion, energy intensity, and natural resource rents on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in BRICS and MINT countries and empirically tests the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Accordingly, annual panel data covering the period 2000-2020 are analysed using a machine learning (ML)-based estimation framework, the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator, and Panel Quantile Regression (PQR). The findings indicate that natural resource rents increase CO2 emissions in BRICS, whereas they reduce emissions in MINT. Moreover, energy intensity and income per capita are found to increase CO2 emissions across all quantiles in both country groups. The environmental impact of financial inclusion is heterogeneous, reducing CO2 emissions in BRICS countries while increasing emissions in MINT countries. These results underscore the critical importance of explicitly incorporating country-specific heterogeneity into environmental sustainability policy design.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13822
  Cenozoic Lamprophyres From NE Türkiye: New Constraints on Post-Collisional Metasomatism and Alkaline Magma Origin in the Juvenile Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle

  Arslan, Mehmet; Temizel, İrfan; Krmíček, Lukáš; Yücel, Cem

  The Middle Eocene (~43 Ma) and Late Miocene (~6 Ma) lamprophyres cropping out as sills from NE Türkiye can be classified as alkaline lamprophyres. These lamprophyres exhibit moderate contents of K2O (2.22–2.59 and 2.58–2.98 wt%), K2O/Na2O ratios (0.78–1.14 and 0.62–0.94) and Mg# (40.55–46.32 and 56.93–61.52), respectively, and low concentrations of mantle compatible elements. The lamprophyres also have a moderate to relatively high abundance of rare earth elements (ΣREEs = 140–159 and 547–604 ppm, respectively) with significantly fractionated REE patterns (LaN/YbN = 6.82–9.10 and 65.17–71.31, respectively), and are enriched in large-ion lithophile and light REEs but depleted in high-field-strength and heavy REEs. The lamprophyres have homogeneous and moderately low (87Sr/86Sr)i of 0.705048–0.705474 and 0.705252–0.705401, and nearly uniform εNd(i) values varying from −0.47 to 0.20 and 0.54 to 0.79 and εHf(i) values varying from 4.51–6.71 and 5.83–6.18, respectively. They also have a narrow and moderately high Δ7/4Pb range of 6.19–15.41 and 10.62–10.88 and Δ8/4Pb range of 49.56–56.14 and 46.86–47.99, respectively. Petrological modelling suggests that the parental magmas of both the Eocene and Miocene lamprophyres were generated by the low-degree partial melting of phlogopite-bearing spinel-garnet and amphibole-bearing garnet lherzolite sources, respectively. By integrating whole-rock trace elements and isotope compositions with regional geological observations, we propose that the post-collisional Middle Eocene and Late Miocene lamprophyres in the Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt originated from the juvenile subcontinental lithospheric mantle sources metasomatized initially by Neotethyan subduction-related fluids during the Eocene, and subsequently overprinted by delaminated lithosphere-derived carbonate components in the Miocene. The lamprophyres likely record a temporal magmatic response to lithospheric delamination and regional thermal upwelling associated with Eocene extensional tectonics, followed by lithospheric thinning during the Miocene in a post-collisional tectonic setting.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13788
  Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Risk Assessment of Rocks Around the Mines: A Case Study From the Mastra and Hazine Mağara Mining Areas, Northeastern Türkiye

  Sipahi, Ferkan; Çelik, Necati; Gücer, Mehmet Ali; Dizman, Serdar

  This study presents a comprehensive assessment of natural radioactivity levels and associated radiological hazards in rock samples collected from Mastra and Hazine Mağara mining sites in the Gümüşhane province, Türkiye. The concentrations of primordial radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) were measured in samples of andesite, granite, and limestone using a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. Complementary whole-rock geochemical analysis (XRF and ICP-MS) was conducted to understand the geochemical controls on radioactivity concentrations. The results reveal significant heterogeneity in activity concentrations both within and between the two sites. For 226Ra, the Hazine Mağara site exhibited a wider range (2.44–22.57 Bq kg−1) with a higher maximum value compared to Mastra (2.65–13.96 Bq kg−1). Similarly, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations showed considerable variability, often linked to the presence of specific accessory minerals like zircon, monazite, and K-feldspar. Geochemical data indicated that element concentrations (K, U, Th) were generally lowest in limestone and highest in granite, showing a strong correlation with the measured activity concentration values. Radiological risk indices, including radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk, were calculated. While values remain below international public health safety limits, localized anomalies were identified. Multivariate statistical methods were used to determine the relationship between the 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, Raeq (Bq/kg), Ig, Hex, D (nGy/h), AEDE (μSv/y), AGDE (μSv/y), and ELCR (×10−5). The study concludes that despite these localized anomalies, both mining areas pose an overall minimum environmental radiation risk, underscoring the necessity for site-specific assessments to ensure safe resource utilization and radiation protection.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13462
  Organic Geochemical Properties of the Miocene Coal Seam in the Ömerler Field, Tunçbilek Basin, Western Türkiye: Implications for Depositional Environment

  Saydam Eker, Çiğdem; Köse, Yeliz

  In this comprehensive study, which was conducted based on data obtained from the Ömerler Field İğdekuzu underground mine located in the Tunçbilek Basin (Kütahya/W. Turkey), the aim was to reveal the organic matter content, origin, thermal maturation level, depositional environment, and conditions of Miocene-aged coals. Coal samples collected from the underground coal mine were subjected to proximate analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis/Total organic carbon (TOC), gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis (GC–MS) of aromatic and saturated biomarkers and extraction analysis. On an air-dry basis, the average moisture (Mad), volatile matter (Vad), ash (Aad), fixed carbon (FCad) and total sulphur contents of coals are 2.79%, 33.93%, 18.71%, 44.31% and 1.40%, respectively. TOC content is so high; the highest mean TOC content is 86.75% calculated in the upper coal seam, followed by the middle seam with 85.14% and the lower seam with 79.01%. In the GC–MS of the coal samples, the n-alkane distribution varies between C12 and C36. The lowest homohopane index (HHI) value was calculated as 0.02 for OR-5, and the highest HHI value was 0.05 for TB-8. The upper coal seam sample exhibits the order of C29>C28>C27 sterane (%), and the lower and middle coal seam samples exhibit the order of C29>C27>C28 sterane (%). The coal samples under study exhibit early mature oil window behaviour according to all geochemical maturity parameters. These coals indicate a mixed organic matter of Type II/III and III kerogens, as demonstrated by medium and long-chain n-alkanes, terrestrial/aquatic organic matter ratios (TAR), aquatic plants to terrestrial plants ratios (Paq), C24 Tet/C26 Tri and C19/C23 Tri ratios, and distributions of C27–29 ααα20R, likely deposited in a paralic, oxic-dyoxic transitional environment. Although the TOC value of the Miocene-aged coal samples is so high, they have not yet reached the level of producing hydrocarbons due to low and medium hydrogen index (HI), low quality index (QI), production index (PI), and bitumen index (BI) values, but it has been evaluated that they have the potential to produce gas.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/12213
  Foreign Direct Investment and Growth Impact on Pollution in the EU Countries: Empirical Analysis of the EKC and Pollution Halo Hypothesis

  Pilatin, Abdulmuttalip; Ayaydın, Hasan; Soto, Gonzalo Hernández; Pala, Fahrettin

  Foreign direct investment inflows are an important factor in the development of countries. Rising FDI can cause unexpected environmental consequences by changing technology use or energy consumption. The study examined the relationships between fossil energy consumption, carbon emission rate, and FDI for 27 European Union countries in the period 2006–2021. In addition, for the first time in this study, EU countries were divided into two according to their income levels and re-analysed. Panel data method and robust Driscoll and Kraay (1998) estimator were used in empirical analyses. The research findings show that a one-unit increase in FDI across EU countries results in a 0.055% increase in GDP and fossil fuel consumption, respectively, and a −0.155% decrease in pollution. These results support the pollution halo hypothesis, which posits that foreign direct investment reduces environmental degradation. The research findings support the pollution halo hypothesis, which states that FDI reduces environmental degradation. It also confirms that the EKC hypothesis, which states that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between pollution and GDP, is valid in 27 EU countries. However, it has been determined that the pollution haven hypothesis is valid in low-income EU countries. Low-income EU countries should encourage more foreign investment in technology-intensive and environmentally friendly areas and develop various environmental regulations in this direction. The results obtained from the research are expected to provide benefits and insights to policy makers, researchers, and industrialists to increase environmental awareness. The results suggest that low-income EU countries should encourage technology-intensive and environmentally friendly investments, improve green financing and investment conditions, and develop regulations to strengthen environmental standards, so that they can limit environmental degradation while preserving the general welfare-enhancing benefits of FDI.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/10368
  Spatio-Temporal Distributions of Seismicity, Stress Evolution, and Tectonomagmatic Signatures of the 2025 Sındırgı Earthquake Swarm, Western Anatolia, Türkiye

  Büyüksaraç, Aydin; Senkaya, Mustafa; Alkan, Hamdi; Bektas, Ozcan; Öztürk, Serkan; Pirti, Atinc; Yücel, Mehmet Ali

  The Simav Fault Zone (SFZ) in Western Anatolia remains one of the most active tectonic regions in Turkey, and the 2025 S & imath;nd & imath;rg & imath; earthquake swarm has renewed concern regarding evolving seismic hazard. This study analyzes the swarm on the S & imath;nd & imath;rg & imath; Segment using Coulomb stress modelling, spatial distributions of b- and p-value, gravity and magnetic anomalies, geothermal data, and GNSS observations. Coulomb stress calculations show that the M-W = 6.1 and M-W = 6.0 mainshocks produced stress increases of similar to 0.1 bar that effectively loaded adjacent segments of the SFZ, D & uuml;vertepe Fault Zone (DFZ), and Gelenbe Fault Zone (GFZ), guiding the east-southeast and northward migration of aftershocks. Spatial statistics indicate a b-value ranging from 0.6 to 1.3 and a p-value between 0.3 and 1.0. The lower b-values (< 1.0) and p-values (< 0.5) mark high-stress regions near the mainshock, and higher values characterize more stable zones. Gravity anomalies delineate a dense volcanic-ophiolitic body in the southwest and a caldera-like depression south of the SFZ, while magnetic anomalies highlight the structural continuation and interaction of the SFZ with the GFZ. GNSS stations recorded centimetre-to millimetre-scale motions: BAL1 moved similar to 1.34 cm horizontally with minor uplift, DEI1 experienced similar to 1.12 cm displacement with small vertical fluctuations, and KIKA shifted similar to 0.85 cm southwestward with largely stable elevation. Together, these results show that the 2025 swarm was controlled by stress transfer within a mechanically heterogeneous tectonomagmatic system. The identified stress-enhanced corridors along the SFZ and DFZ may act as future nucleation zones, emphasizing the need for sustained monitoring of this evolving fault network.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/10578
  Greening the OECD: Unravelling the Complex Relationship Between Natural Resource Efficiency, Technological Innovation and Population Density on Ecological Footprint

  Çabas, Meral; Beser, Nazife Ozge; Ayaydin, Hasan; Barut, Abdulkadir; Magazzino, Cosimo

  This paper aims to investigate the relationship among green environmental technologies, resource efficiency, population density and ecological footprint in 38 OECD member countries between 2000 and 2019. The Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQREG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimators are used to analyse this relationship. Based on the results, strong evidence of a negative relationship between green environmental technologies, resource efficiency, population density and ecological footprint emerges, suggesting that these factors contribute to environmental improvement in OECD economies. Overall, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics among these variables and provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders striving for sustainable environmental management and policy formulation. In this context, countries should develop standard guidelines and best practices on green technologies and resource efficiency, making it easier for sectors to adapt in these areas.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/14825
  Geochemistry of the Middle Jurassic sediments in Gümüşhane, north-eastern Turkey: Implications for weathering and provenance

  Saydam Eker, Çiğdem; Arı, Uğur V.

  The whole-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope data of Middle Jurassic sedimentary rocks in the Gümüşhane area (north-eastern Turkey) were analysed to reconstruct the provenance, chemical weathering, sediment recycling history, and tectonic setting of the source area. Based on trace element ratios and rare earth element (REE) patterns, it was interpreted that the sandstones were derived from a source area with felsic-mafic rocks as dominant contributors. The average chemical index of alteration (CIA) and weathering index (WIP) values are low with respect to Upper Continental Crust (UCC) in the studied sandstones and mudstones, but the index of compositional variability (ICV) values are high, thus revealing weak–moderate weathering conditions. The average Th/U ratios of the sandstones and mudstones indicate a relatively simple cycling history. The positive and low negative εNd values support the supposition that the source area did not undergo much sedimentary change. A model mixture composed of 60% granite, 5% granodiorite, and 35% gabbro could be deduced to be the potential source composition of Middle Jurassic sediments; this model was reinforced by the 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd(t) values of the sediments. The Middle Jurassic siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the Gümüşhane region were likely deposited in a tectonic environment with a passive margin.

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