Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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Araştırmacılar(4)

• Güzel, Melih
• Kılıç, Rahman
• Pir, Rıfat
• Yurtışığı, Ayşegül

• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/11659
  Valorisation of bread wastes via the bacterial cellulose production

  Güzel, Melih

  The short shelf life of bread can be attributed to changes in its textural and sensory properties, a process termed staling, and large amounts of bread residue and waste are generated daily. Because the main component of bread is starch, the use of bread wastes as a substrate for bacterial cellulose (BC) production can significantly contribute to valorisation and reuse of wastes. This study aimed to investigate the BC production potential of various stale breads, convert these wastes into usable forms for food and other industries, and increase their economic value. Stale breads were hydrolyzed with dilute acid, and BC-producing bacteria from Kombucha tea were isolated and identified as Gluconobacter oxydans MG2021 (GO). BCs were produced from bread hydrolysates with GO and Komagataeibacter hansenii GA2016 (KH), and their properties were examined. The results indicated that stale breads represented a good source for BC production, as high BC yields were obtained using GO (8.81%–25.02%) and all BCs had superior properties such as high crystallinity (75.96%–91.39%), thermal stability, liquid holding capacity, and fine fibers (40.16–85.39 nm). This study demonstrated that bread wastes could be used as a low-cost substrate for large-scale BC production, and the abundance of bread wastes demonstrated their potential as a resource for commercial BC producers.

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  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/20034
  Determination of total phenolic, flavonoid and monomeric anthocyanin contents and antioxidant properties of 15 different fruit vinegars produced by traditional method

  Güzel, Melıh

  In this study, vinegars were produced using traditional method from 15 different fruits (rosehip, pear, fig, wild pear, apple, plum, hawthorn (yellow and red), pomegranate, grape (cimin, cardinal), peach, cranberry, quince and medlar). It was aimed to determine the total phenolic, total flavonoid and total monomeric anthocyanin contents and antioxidant capacities of vinegars. As a result, it was concluded that the phenolic, flavonoid contents and the antioxidant capacity in all 3 methods (TEAC, FRAP and DPPH) of rosehip vinegar was significantly higher than other vinegars. In addition, wild pear and hawthorn vinegars were very rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds and these vinegars had very high antioxidant capacity. The results of the study suggest that an alternative consumption method can be provided by producing vinegar, which is a healthy, aromatic and alternative product with high added value, from fruits such as rosehip, wild pear, hawthorn, cranberry, quince and medlar, whose usage and consumption are limited due to their natural structure.

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  İncele
• Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2024/r/gumushane/20018
  Kültürel miras unsuru olarak yayla mutfak kültürü: gümüşhane ili örneğ

  Kaya, Fazil; Çalık, İsmail; Taş, Sedat; Zeybek, Halil İbrahim; Akyürek, Suat; Pir, Rıfat

  Türkiye’de dağlık ve engebeli alanların geniş yer kaplaması yaylacılık faaliyetleri ve yayla kültürünün gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Türkiye’de geleneksel olarak hayvancılık amaçlı kullanılan yaylalar; yaz aylarında hayvan otlatmak, küçük çaplı da olsa tarım faaliyetlerinde bulunmak veya dinlenmek amacıyla faydalanılan geçici yerleşme alanları özelliği taşır. Tarım arazilerinin dar ve parçalı olduğu Gümüşhane ili (özellikle ilin kuzeydeki arazileri) ve çevresi Türkiye’de yaylacılık faaliyetlerinin en yoğun olduğu sahalar arasında yer almaktadır. Yörede hayvancılıkla meşgul olan halk için otların uzun süre kurumadan yeşil kaldığı yaylalar, büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yaylalar, çeşitli özellikleri yanında aynı zamanda kültürel birikimin âdeta gizli birer hazinesi niteliğindedir. Önce Orta Asya, sonrasında da Anadolu’da binlerce yıldır hayvancılık amacıyla yaylak ile kışlak arasında yer değiştiren topluluklar, sürdürdükleri ekonomik faaliyetlerin ve yaşadıkları coğrafyanın etkisiyle kendilerine has bir kültür oluşturmuşlardır. Bu kültürün en önemli unsurlarından birini de yayla mutfağı oluşturmaktadır. Yayla mutfağı, Türk toplum hayatında geçmişten beri süregelen yayla hayatının vazgeçilmez olgularından birini oluşturmaktadır. Yayla mutfak kültürü, zamanla birçok yönden ayırt edici ögenin eklenmesiyle özgün bir kimlik kazanmıştır. Mutfak kültürünün oluşmasında, coğrafi bölge, sosyo-ekonomik yapı, gelenek, görenek, tarım, hayvancılık ve teknolojik gelişmeler gibi faktörler etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışmada da kültürel miras unsuru olan yayla mutfak kültürünün geldiği son nokta ele alınmış, gelişimsel açıdan yayla mutfak kültürünün olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri tartışılmıştır. Yayla mutfağına ilişkin mevcut durumun yerinde tespit edilmesi için Doğu Karadeniz bölümünde yer alan Gümüşhane yaylalarına saha çalışması düzenlenmiştir. Bu çalışmalar kapsamında yayla sakinleri, muhtarlar, işletme sahipleri ve çeşitli paydaşlarla görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler üzerinden içerik ve betimsel analiz yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, yayla mutfak kültürü dört ana ve on alt tema üzerinden kategorize edilmiştir. Gümüşhane yayla mutfak kültürünün temel yapısını oluşturan bu dört ana temayı; hayvan ürünleri, tarım ürünleri, yöreye mahsus ürünler, yenilebilir yabani bitkiler ve mantarların oluşturduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kategorize edilen her bir tema katılımcıların ifadeleri, gözlem ve ikincil verilere dayalı olarak bulgular kısmında değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca yaylalarda bakılan hayvan sayısı ve ekilen alan miktarı bakımından azalmaların olduğu, eskiden yayla halkı tarafından üretilen hayvan ve tarım ürünleri miktarının fazla olduğu ancak günümüzde yaylada yaşayan hanelerin genel itibari ile kendilerine yetecek kadar üretim gerçekleştirmeye çalıştığı, yaylacıların temel ihtiyaçlarını haftalık merkez yaylalarda kurulan pazarlardan veya ilçelere yakın marketlerden temel ihtiyaçlarını satın aldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında yaylalarda yapılan yöresel ürünler listelenmiş ve yöresel yemek kültürünün bölgeye özgü ürünler kullanılarak devam

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/13995
  Characterization of cellulose produced by bacteria isolated from different vinegars

  Güzel, Melih

  Traditional vinegars are naturally produced from sugar- or starch-containing raw materials, through alcoholic fermentation followed by acetic fermentation. Fermentation is a spontaneous and complex process involving interactions between various microorganisms. In this study, we produced vinegar using traditional methods from six fruits: rosehip, pear, fig, wild pear, apple, and plum. Bacteria that produce bacterial cellulose (BC) were isolated from these vinegars and identified. In addition, we investigated the properties of BC produced from these bacteria. The strains isolated from vinegars were identified as Gluconobacter oxydans strain MG2022, Acetobacter tropicalis strain MG2022, Acetobacter fabarum strain MG2022, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans strain MG2022, K. saccharivorans strain EG2022, and Acetobacter lovaniensis strain OD2022. In total, 0.83–2.04 g/L BC was produced and the bacterial strain isolated from pear vinegar yielded the most BC. BC produced by the bacterial strain isolated from wild pear vinegar had the highest thermal stability and crystallinity (87.44 %). Overall, this study shows that different fruits contain different BC-producing bacteria in their natural flora and vinegars obtained from fruits can be used in BC production. Also, different BC-producing bacteria can be isolated from different vinegars, and BC produced by these bacteria might have different properties.

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  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/17503
  The Investigation of the Alternative Fuel Biogas Potential for Model Town

  Saribiyik, Oguz Yunus; Kılıç, Rahman

  The investigations have been intensively continuing for responding of energy and food demand depending on the world populationincrease and the development of the industrial progression. The energy necessities eliminate by using fossil fuels based sources suchas natural gas, coal and petrol. However, the amount of the fossil fuels is limited and they create the green houses gas problems,therefore, many of the researches have been focusing on new sustainable alternative energy sources, such as wind power, biodiesel,biogas, solar and biomass. The methane which is released by the methanogen bacteria is occupy a places in green gases which arecarbon dioxide and methane. Biogas as an alternative biofuel has higher impact in alternative fuels because of its applicability,sustainability, low production cost, keep the greenhouse gases in balance and produces bio-fertilizer after digestion processes. In thosepurposes, the biogas investment and investigation increases for all over the world however the potential of biomass conversion andthe examination for bio gas production have paid less concern in our country.In this study, the potential biomass and the amount of the biogas depending on the biomass potential have been investigated on one ofthe model town, Şiran in Gümüşhane. According to obtained results, it is seen that the biomass potential and the amount of the biogasproduction are highly enough for model town for natural gas demand and using bio fertilizer which is produced after digestion ofbiomass can be decreased by the utilization of the synthetic inorganic fertilizer, causing for soil pollution.

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  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/14807
  Preparation and characterization of bacterial cellulose produced from fruit and vegetable peels by Komagataeibacter hansenii GA2016

  Güzel, Melih; Akpınar, Özlem

  This study focused on the investigation of bacterial cellulose production potency of some fruit and vegetable peels (cucumber, melon, kiwifruit, tomato, apple, quince and pomegranate) with Komagataeibacter hansenii GA2016. Fruit and vegetable peels were hydrolyzed, used for bacterial cellulose (BC) production and their chemical, physical, thermal and structural features were compared to BC from Hestrin–Schramm medium (HSBC) and plant cellulose (CP). Except for pomegranate peel hydrolysate, all the fruit and vegetable peel hydrolysates supplied to K. hansenii GA2016 supported the BC production. Among the fruit and vegetable peel hydrolysates, the highest BC production was observed in kiwifruit peel hydrolysate (11.53%), while the lowest production was observed in apple peel hydrolysate (1.54%). Water-holding capacities of the BCs were ranged from 627.50% to 928.79% and higher than HSBC (609.30%), average fiber diameters were ranged from 47.64 nm to 61.11 nm and thinner than HSBC (74.29) and CP (10,420 nm), crystallinities were ranged from 80.27% to 92.96%, thermal capacities BCs were higher than HSBC and CP. For the BC productions, utilization of the fruit and vegetable peels as the sole nutrient source could reduce the production costs and among the polysaccharides, increase the use of BC in industry.

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  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2019/r/gumushane/18031
  Investigation of Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Fruit and Vegetable Peels

  Akpinar, Ozlem; Güzel, Melıh

  Plants are rich in phytochemicals which have positive effects on health. In this study, the phytochemical components of the some fruit and vegatable peels, produced in the significant amounts in Turkey, including kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa), melon (Cucumis melo), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), apple (Malus domestica), quince (Cydonia oblonga) and pomegranate (Punica granatum) were determined. The moisture, ash, fat, ascorbic acid and β carotene contents of the peels were determined. Peels were extracted in 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% ethanol solutions and total phenolic, total flavonoids and total monomeric anthocyanin contents and antioxidant capacities of the extracts were investigated. It was concluded that the concentrations of 25% and 50% ethanol were more successful than other concentrations to extract the phenolic compounds. Total monomeric anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity of the pomegranate peel were found to be significantly higher than the other peels. It was determined that the melon rind contained more β-carotene and quince peel contained more ascorbic acid content than the other peels.

  İncele
• Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2018/r/gumushane/18296
  Production and Properties Bacterial Celluloses and Their Use in Food and Non-Food Applications

  Akpinar, Ozlem; Güzel, Melıh

  Cellulose is the most common polymer in the world, formed by β-1,4 linked glucopyranose units. Besides plants, celluloses can be produced by some bacteria. The uses of these bacterial celluloses have been increasing in food, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, biomedical, cosmetics, paper and electronics areas. It has many superior properties compared to plant celluloses, such as purity, elasticity, network structure, high crystallize, surface area, water holding capacity and tensile strength, thinner and porous structure. This review includes the production methods for bacterial celluloses, the properties of these polymers and their use in food and non-food applications

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• MakaleYalnız künye2017/r/gumushane/18630
  Turunçgil Kabuklarından Elde Edilen Pektinlerin Karakterizasyonu ve Karşılaştırılması

  Akpinar, Ozlem; Güzel, Melıh

  Pektin, gıda endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan bir polisakkarittir. Farklı metilasyon derecelerine sahip Dgalakturonik asit moleküllerinin ?(1,4) glikozidik bağlarla birbirlerine bağlanmasıyla oluşan lineer bir polimerdir. Bu çalışmada limon, mandalina, portakal ve greyfurt turunçgil kabuklarından elde edilen pektinlerin fizikokimyasal, yapısal ve termal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Pektin üretimi için, turunçgil kabukları sitrik asit çözeltisinde (pH 1) ekstrakte edilmiş ve ekstrakte edilen pektin etanol ile çökeltilmiştir. Tüm pektin örneklerinin yüksek metoksilli pektin olduğu, limon ve portakal kabuklarından elde edilen pektinlerin diğer pektin örneklerinden daha iyi jel gücü ve sıvı tutma kapasitesine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Portakal kabuğundan elde edilen pektinin termal stabilitesi daha yüksek iken limon ve greyfurt kabuğundan elde edilen pektinlerin diğer pektinlere kıyasla daha organize bir yapıya sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2017/r/gumushane/18608
  Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Citrus Peels

  Akpinar, Ozlem; Güzel, Melıh

  Bioactive compounds present in fruits and vegetables are receiving increased because they may help the protect humans against some diseases. These chemicals can reduce the free radicals damage caused to the cells, as a result of oxidative stress and they have been linked to reductions in the risk of major chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity and other disease. In the present study, the bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of citrus peels were examined. Fruit peels were obtained from lemon (Citrus limon), orange (Citrus sinensis, mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi). Total carotenoid, beta carotene, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using colorimetric methods. The total antioxidant activities were analysed according to TEAC, FRAP and DPPH methods. It was found that mandarin and lemon peels were rich in carotenoid compounds and ascorbic acid, respectively while grapefruit and lemon peels were rich in phenolic compounds and had higher antioxidant activities than mandarin and orange peels.

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