Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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Araştırmacılar(1)

• Akar, Bülent

• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/19410
  The Triple Relationship between Biofuel Production, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in Türkiye Using Time Series Analysis: A policy proposal based on algae in biofuel production

  Akar, Bülent; Akar, Sonay

  Purpose: Study aims to determine the causality relationship between production of biofuel, carbon emissions and economic growth between 2005 and 2022 in Türkiye. Findings: The findings show that there is a unidirectional causality relationship from biofuel production to carbon emissions in Turkey. Meanwhile, GDP was not found to be associated with any variable. Limitations: Access to regular and uninterrupted data on biofuel production in Turkey covers the period between 2005 and 2022. Therefore, this period was selected as the start and end years of the research, and the frequency range of the research was limited to 18 years. Originality/Value: Minimising the negative environmental impacts of production is becoming increasingly important. Because the decline in global reserves of fossil fuels and the greenhouse gas emissions indicate that is unsustainable of dependence on these energy sources. Consequently, it is coming to the agenda biofuels which are both renewable and carbon neutral among alternative energy sources. Biofuels based on plant oil, hydrogen, bioethanol or biodiesel can provide an improvement against fossil carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels such as petrol. Furthermore, the compatibility of biofuels with existing engine technology has increased interest in these resources both in scientific circles and in industrial investment areas. Study, the biofuels which are of economic and ecological importance considered to make a unique contribution to the field as a current study examining the interaction between carbon emissions and economic growth.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/19955
  Biogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Based on Algal Biofilm Formed in the Wastewater Treatment Plant and Their Dye Removal Performance

  Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akar, Bülent; Karpuz, Omer; Demirel, İlyas Taner; Gülbahar, Esma

  In the field of environmental pollution removal, bioremediation plays a crucial role in removing or converting toxic substances from the environment. Bacteria, yeasts, molds, algae, and plants are widely used in bioremediation events. Recently, green-synthesized nanoparticles have also been employed in bioremediation applications. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) were synthesized from algal biofilms that are naturally formed in the settling ponds of the Gümüşhane Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant. These biological nanoparticles were utilized to investigate their adsorption efficiency for water-polluting dyes such as methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and phenol red (PR). The synthesized FeONPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To test their efficacy, MB, MG, and PR dye solutions were treated with 5.0, 10.0, and 20 g/L FeONP concentrations. The remaining dye concentrations were quantified with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer after filtration. The results showed that FeONPs obtained from algal biofilms effectively removed MB, MG, and PR, with the highest efficiency observed for PR.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/20379
  Physicochemical Analysis of Pomegranate Sours Produced by Traditional Method in Türkiye and The Investigation of Antioxidant Properties

  Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akar, Bülent; Oğuz, Miraç

  In this study, the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of the commercially produced 15 pomegranate sour samples and one control sample were determined and their compliance with the TS 12720 (traditional sour pomegranate concentrate standard) was evaluated. Antioxidant activity values of pomegranate sours extracts were determined using 6 different methods. The samples had strong antioxidant capacity, except for N10 and N15. In addition, glucose, fructose, sucrose, HMF and acidity measurements of the same samples did not show compatibility with TS 12720. The pH values of the samples of N7, N8, N10, N11, N14 and N15 were not in accordance with the standard values (2.4-4.0) The titratable acidity values measured in samples of N1, N3, N4, N6, N10, N13, N15 were below the value (>6.0% (m/m)) in the standard. While the brix values of the samples were measured between 59.20-75.70, the brix values of the N12, N13 and N14 samples were determined below the standard brix value (>68%). The highest HMF value of the samples were determined as 8117.66. According to TSE 12720, the HMF content should be not exceed 50 mg/kg. However, the HMF values of the samples were detected above the maximum limit value except for N8 and N16.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/20244
  Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Firethorn Fruit (Pyracantha coccinea Roemer) Extracts

  Düzgün, Azer Özad; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akar, Bülent; Karakullukçu, Volkan; Karpuz, Omer

  The main focus of this study was to explore the biological activity of metal nanoparticles that were green-synthesized from firethorn fruits. Specifically, iron nanoparticles (Fe-NP) were synthesized from extracts obtained from fruits and seeds of the firethorn plant (Pyracantha coccinea) grown on Gumushane University’s campus for landscaping purposes. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of both extracts and synthesized iron nanoparticles were evaluated. To characterize the Fe-NPs, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed. The antioxidant activity of the fruit extracts and Fe-NPs was assessed using various antioxidant activity tests, including ABTS radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidant content (TAC). The results of all antioxidant activity tests indicated that the iron nanoparticles exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the fruit extracts. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the fruit extracts and nanoparticles against Gram-negative bacteria (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ATCC 911, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 43288) and Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633) were determined the using the medium microdilution procedure. Similar to the antioxidant activity findings, the Fe-NPs demonstrated stronger antimicrobial activity compared to the fruit extracts.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/gumushane/17205
  Determination of physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate sauces sold in Turkish markets

  Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akar, Bülent; Kamış, Yunus Emre

  This study aimed to determine the physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate sauces sold in the Turkish markets. A total of eighteen pomegranate sauces, seventeen of which were purchased from the market, and one produced in a rotary evaporator, were analyzed with respect to antioxidant activity, titratable acidity, brix, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), pH, color, and sugar. The antioxidant activities of the samples were analyzed by six different methods, including DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS●+ radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity assay (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) methods. The highest and lowest antioxidant activity values were as follows, respectively: 5.23 and 822.69 mg AA/kg for the DPPH method, 57.94 and 2380.94 mg FeSO4/kg for the FRAP method, 660.47 and 3690.83 mg AA/kg for the TAC method, 23.06 and 11680.71 mg QEE/kg for the TFC method, and 123.54 and 9566.95 mg GAE/kg for the TPC method. In addition, HMF contents of the most samples were below the permissible limit value (50 mg/kg), while some of them showed a heterogeneous distribution between 4.58 and 103.68 mg/kg. Such a heterogeneous distribution of the HMF contents may be due to the factors such as raw materials and additives used in production, applied heat treatments, production processes, and storage conditions. As a result, HMF content in pomegranate sauce can be reduced below the permissible limit if the production conditions comply with the standards.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/17551
  Arum italicum Miller Bitkisinin Yenilebilir ve Yenmeyen Yumru Parçalarının LC–MS/MS ve RP–HPLC–UV Analizi ve Antioksidan Aktiviteleri

  Can, Zehra; Akar, Zeynep; Demir, Çağlar; Alkan, Ozan; Akar, Bülent

  Bu çalışmada, Arum italicum bitkisine ait yumrunun yenilebilir ve yenmeyen kısımlarından elde edilen metanolik ve sulu ekstraktların, fenolik içerikleri ve antioksidan aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Ek olarak, bitkinin bu kısımlarının antioksidan potansiyeli, fenolik kompoziyonu ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bitkinin antioksidan aktivitesini belirlemek için Toplam Fenolik Madde Miktarı, FRAP, CUPRAC ve radikal süpürme aktiviteyi belirleyen DPPH antioksidan aktivite testleri yapılmıştır. Bitki yumrusunun her iki kısmındaki fenolik profiller hazırlanan metanolik ekstraktlarında RP– HPLC–UV ve LC–MS/ MS cihazları kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek toplam fenolik içerik, FRAP, CUPRAC ve % DPPH değerleri, yumrunun yenmeyen kısmının metanolik ekstraktında sırasıyla 164 µg GAE/mL, 878 TEAC(µM), 0.064 TEAC(µM) ve 19.41 olarak ölçülmüştür LC/MS-MS ölçümlerinde her iki yumru kısmının metanolik ekstraktlarında ferulik asit, ana fenolik bileşik olarak belirlendi. Bununla birlikte RP–HPLC–UV ölçümlerinde ise, bitki yumrusunun yenilebilir ve yenilmeyen kısımlarında sırasıyla luteolin ve rutin fenolikleri ana bileşikler olarak ölçülmüştür.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2019/r/gumushane/18155
  Identification of Antioxidant Activity by Different Methods of a Freshwater Alga (Microspora sp.) Collected From a High Mountain Lake

  Akar, Zeynep; Akar, Bülent; Şahin, Bülent

  Algae contain a large amount of biological active compounds functioning as antioxidant,antimicrobial and anti-tumour. In the present research, antioxidant activity of freshwateralga Microspora sp. (Chlorophyta) extract prepared in different solvents (methanol,acetonitrile, ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate) was determined with three differentmethods; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), Iron (III) Reduction / AntioxidantPower (FRAP) Assay and Copper (II) Reductive Antioxidant Activity (CUPRAC). Thealga samples collected from the high mountain lake (2733 m above sea level) localized inGümüşhane province of Turkey. The algal extracts prepared in different solvents showedantioxidant activity. The values of DPPH• varied from 8.97% (in acetonitrile extract) to31.15% (in methanol extract). As in the DPPH• method, the lowest and highest values inthe FRAP method were measured based on μM TEAC (Trolox Equivalent AntioxidantCapacity) in methanol and acetonitrile extracts as 60.303 μM and 359.394 μM respectively.While the lowest value of CUPRAC test was determined in acetonitrile extract (0.041 μMTEAC ) as in the other tests, highest value was measured in ethanol extract (0.101 μMTEAC ). The values of highest antioxidant activity in both DPPH• and FRAP methodswas measured in the methanol solvent whilst was determined in the ethanol solvent forCUPRAC.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2018/r/gumushane/18420
  Nine new records from high mountain lakes (Artabel Lakes Nature Park, Gümüşhane/Turkey) for the freshwater diatom flora of Turkey

  Akar, Bülent; Şahin, Bülent

  This study was carried out in 17 high mountain lakes and a pond in the Artabel Lakes Nature Park (Gümüşhane)on August 15, 2013 and August 13, 2016. In the present study, epipelic, epilitic and epiphytic algal flora of lakes weredetermined and a total of 95 taxa were recorded belonging to Bacillariophyta division. 9 of the taxa belonging toBacillariophyta were determined to be new records for the freshwater diatom flora of Turkey. These taxa were identifiedas Aulacoseira lacustris (Grunow) Krammer f. tenuior Houk, Klee and Passauer, Orthoseira roeseana (Rabenhorst)Pfitzer, Cyclotella ambigua Grunow, Planothidium distinctum (Messikommer) Lange-Bertalot, Psammothidiumhelveticum (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova and Round, Diploneis petersenii Hustedt, Frustulia crassinervia (Brébisson exW.Smith) Lange-Bertalot and Krammer, Eunotia mucophila (Lange-Bertalot, Nörpel–Schempp and Alles) LangeBertalotand E. paludosa Grunow

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2017/r/gumushane/15067
  Diversity and ecology of benthic diatoms in karagöl lake in karagöl-Sahara national park (Şavşat, Artvin, Turkey)

  Akar, Bülent; Şahin, Bülent

  The main goal of this study is to determine the composition, diversity and ecology of benthic diatoms in Karagöl Lake in Karagöl-Sahara National Park. Monthly sampling (from sediments, stones and aquatic plants in littoral zone of the lake) taken in three consecutive years revealed 57 diatom taxa with Gomphonema and Pinnularia being the most abundant species while other genera are represented with three or fewer species. Lindavia ocellata was the most dominant taxon in the samplings examined throughout the whole study. The values of diversity and evenness indices are high during the spring and early summer. Based on cluster analysis for monthly samples of epipelic diatom, there are two different groups at the lowest similarity level. The associations between August 2010 and September 2010 months are the most significant with 86.02%. The organism number of epipelic diatoms showed positive correlation (P<0.01) with dissolved oxygen, while negative correlation (P<0.05) with temperature. Detailed floristic and ecological examination of the benthic diatom communities has not been carried out before this study in this lake. Therefore, this study is the first to our knowledge towards revealing aquatic benthic diatom biodiversity of Karagöl-Sahara National Park and provides basis for future investigations.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2014/r/gumushane/19086
  Karagöl- Sahara Milli Parkı ndaki (Şavşat-Artvin/Türkiye) Karagöl den yeni desmid kayıtları

  Akar, Bülent; Şahin, Bülent

  The benthic algal flora of Karagöl Lake (Şavşat, Artvin) was investigated between October 2008 and September 2010.Actinotaenium diplosporum var. americanum, Cosmarium pseudoexiguum, Gonatozygon kinahanii, Staurastrum boreale var.quadriradiatum, S. hantzschii and Staurodesmus dejectus var. apiculatus were recorded for the first time for the desmid floraof Turkey.

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