2026-10-23T18:47:38Zhttps://gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/oai/request

oai:gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:gumushane/189342026-10-23T18:35:21Zopenairecom_gumushane_10000col_gumushane_10001

Military Intelligence Activities of French Consul Challaye in Erzurum during the Crimean WarYilmaz, OzgurTarihRelying on archival documents from the French Foreign Ministry Archives and the Archive of French Ministry of Defense, this article examines the consular correspondences of the French Consulate of Erzurum, Charles Alexandre Challaye, between 1852 and 1854 and analyzes his military intelligence reports. Preliminary reports of Challaye before the eruption of the Crimean War became a significant guide for the French military and diplomatic authorities. Furthermore, Challaye reported the weaknesses in the Ottoman chain of command before the war started2015Articlehttps://rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/r/gumushane/189341309-4688trHistory Studiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/tr/items/gumushane/18934