<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-10-23T18:48:23Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:gumushane/17495" metadataPrefix="oai_dc">https://gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:gumushane/17495</identifier><datestamp>2026-10-22T11:39:07Z</datestamp><setSpec>openaire</setSpec><setSpec>driver</setSpec><setSpec>com_gumushane_10000</setSpec><setSpec>col_gumushane_10001</setSpec></header><metadata><oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"><dc:title>Urbanization and income inequality nexus: bootstrap panel granger causality analysis</dc:title><dc:creator>Keyifli, Nazlı</dc:creator><dc:subject>İktisat</dc:subject><dc:subject>Kentsel Çalışmalar</dc:subject><dc:description>This study aims to analyze empirically the nexus among urbanization and income inequality in the context of 8 New Industrializing Country (Brazil, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Mexico, Thailand, Turkey) by using annual data set fort he period 2000-2018. The causality relationship between the variables was investigated using Kónya's (2006) Bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis. The results of the Bootstarp panel Granger causality reveal that there exists a one-way causality running from urbanization to income inequality for Brazil, Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia; a one-way causality running from income inequality to urbanization for China; two-way causality relation Mexico and Turkey. In Thailand, no causality relationship has been found between urbanization and income inequality.</dc:description><dc:date>2021</dc:date><dc:type>Article</dc:type><dc:identifier>https://rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/r/gumushane/17495</dc:identifier><dc:identifier>https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.748025</dc:identifier><dc:identifier>1307-9832</dc:identifier><dc:language>tr</dc:language><dc:relation>Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi</dc:relation><dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights><dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type><dc:identifier>https://gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/tr/items/gumushane/17495</dc:identifier></oai_dc:dc></metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>