<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-10-24T15:29:42Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:gumushane/17057" metadataPrefix="oai_dc">https://gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:gumushane/17057</identifier><datestamp>2026-10-22T10:38:34Z</datestamp><setSpec>openaire</setSpec><setSpec>com_gumushane_10000</setSpec><setSpec>col_gumushane_10001</setSpec></header><metadata><oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"><dc:title>Budget Deficit and Quality of Governance Nexus: A Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis for BRICS-T</dc:title><dc:creator>Keyifli, Nazlı</dc:creator><dc:creator>Dag, Mehmet</dc:creator><dc:subject>İktisat</dc:subject><dc:subject>İstatistik ve Olasılık</dc:subject><dc:description>This study aims to analyze empirically the nexus among budget deficits and governance quality\r(democratic quality and technical quality) in the context of special group of developing countries BRICS-T\rcountries Brazil, India, China, South Africa, Russia and Turkey) fort he period 1996-2020. In the study, Kónya's\r(2006) Bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis, which is the second generation panel causality test, was used\ras a method. Findings obtained by using Bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis;A one-way causality\rrelationship from budget deficit to democratic quality for Russia and Turkey; It reveals a one-way causality\rrelationship from democratic quality to budget deficit for Brazil. On the other hand, one-way causality from budget\rdeficit to technical quality for Brazil and South Africa; one-way causality relationship from technical quality to\rbudget deficit for Russia; for Turkey, on the other hand, a bidirectional causality relationship has been determined.\rIn China and India, however, no causal relationship was observed between the budget deficit and the quality of\rmanagement (democratic quality and technical quality).</dc:description><dc:date>2022</dc:date><dc:type>Article</dc:type><dc:identifier>https://rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/r/gumushane/17057</dc:identifier><dc:language>en</dc:language><dc:relation>Journal of Yasar University</dc:relation><dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess</dc:rights><dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type><dc:identifier>https://gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/tr/items/gumushane/17057</dc:identifier></oai_dc:dc></metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>