<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-10-23T14:58:59Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:gumushane/15590" metadataPrefix="oai_dc">https://gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:gumushane/15590</identifier><datestamp>2026-10-22T11:38:07Z</datestamp><setSpec>openaire</setSpec><setSpec>driver</setSpec><setSpec>com_gumushane_10000</setSpec><setSpec>col_gumushane_10001</setSpec><setSpec>com_gumushane_10007</setSpec><setSpec>col_gumushane_10171</setSpec></header><metadata><oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"><dc:title>Numerical approximations to the solution of ray tracing through the crystalline lens</dc:title><dc:creator>Yildirim, A.</dc:creator><dc:creator>Gökdogan, A.</dc:creator><dc:creator>Merdan, M.</dc:creator><dc:creator>Lakshminarayanan, V.</dc:creator><dc:description>An approximate analytical solution in the form of a rapidly convergent series for tracing light rays through an inhomogeneous graded index medium is developed, using the multi-step differential transform method based on the classical differential transformation method. Numerical results are compared to those obtained by the fourth-order Runge - Kutta method to illustrate the precision and effectiveness of the proposed method. Results are given in explicit and graphical forms.</dc:description><dc:publisher>IOP Publishing Ltd</dc:publisher><dc:date>2012</dc:date><dc:type>Article</dc:type><dc:identifier>https://rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/r/gumushane/15590</dc:identifier><dc:identifier>https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/29/7/074202</dc:identifier><dc:identifier>0256-307X</dc:identifier><dc:language>en</dc:language><dc:relation>Chinese Physics Letters</dc:relation><dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights><dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type><dc:identifier>https://gumushane-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/tr/items/gumushane/15590</dc:identifier></oai_dc:dc></metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>